由天然钠基膨润土直接合成钛柱撑膨润土的研究

以高庙子天然钠基膨润土为原料,钛酸正丁酯在pH=2~5环境下水解聚合成柱撑剂,水热法制备了钛柱撑膨润土(Ti-pillaredclay,Ti-PILC)。采用X-射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积分析仪(BET)分析了产物的结构和形貌。探讨了制备Ti-PILC的工艺参数对结构的影响。结果表明:Ti-PILC呈片层桥结的多孔结构;钛柱撑剂撑开的d001层间距为1.860 8~2.481 3 nm;比表面积由31 m2/g增加到191 m2/g。柱撑最佳工艺参数为:钛/土比30 mmol/g,反应时间为3 h,反应温度为100℃。     

CTAB作用下绿色合成纳米铁的制备及降解孔雀绿

化学合成纳米铁存在成本高和二次污染等问题,探寻低成本、环境友好的合成方法是纳米技术在环境修复中的研究热点之一.本课题组前期采用绿茶提取液(GTE)还原Fe2+合成纳米铁颗粒(Fe NPs),发现GTE合成的Fe NPs易被氧化和团聚.本文采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对绿色合成纳米铁形貌和粒径进行改善,提高了纳米铁颗粒的分散性和抗氧化性.通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR、UV-vis等表征手段对GTE合成的Fe NPs和CTAB作用下合成的Fe NPs的微观结构表征以及对孔雀绿降解效果对比表明:CTAB作用下合成的Fe NPs分散均匀,CTAB的包覆提高了Fe NPs的稳定性,从而提高了Fe NPs的反应活性.GTE合成的Fe NPs对孔雀绿的去除率为75.66%,而CTAB作用下绿色合成的Fe NPs的去除率高达91.06%.最后,提出了CTAB作用下GTE合成Fe NPs的可能机理.     

原位合成CuO/ZnO-Al2O3水滑石衍生催化剂催化湿式空气氧化苯酚

采用原位合成法在γ-Al_2O_3表面合成了锌铝水滑石,再采用浸渍法制备了CuO/ZnO-Al_2O_3水滑石衍生催化材料,并将其应用于催化湿式空气氧化苯酚.同时,采用XRD、SEM、BET、H_2-TPR和N_2O滴定等手段对催化剂进行了表征,探讨了CuO含量对CuO/ZnO-Al_2O_3催化剂催化性能的影响.结果表明,当CuO负载量为10%时,催化剂的Cu比表面积最大,催化性能最佳,在200℃、2 MPa空气、苯酚初始浓度500 mg·L~(-1)的条件下,COD去除率为95.3%.     

论"绿色GDP"核算体系及其面临的问题

阐述了"绿色GDP"理论的形成与发展,结合中国国情,探讨了"绿色GDP"核算体系,进而分析了当前中国实现"绿色GDP"核算所面临的主要问题,提出了实现"绿色GDP"核算的主要对策和措施.从而让人们放弃传统的经济发展模式,采用循环经济发展模式,走新型工业化道路.     

The economics of green transition strategies for cities: Can low carbon,energy efficient development approaches be adapted to demand side urban water efficiency?

Cities are major contributors to global emissions, producers of waste and consumers of resources such as energy, water and food: implementing green development strategies is hence a core challenge of modern city-planning. The attention of research has been focusing on the development of energy efficient, low carbon strategies, yet city decision-makers need truly integrated approaches, as the one proposed by the water-energy-food Nexus. The purpose of our paper is to investigate whether it is possible to take one step in this direction by extending existing approaches to energy efficiency strategies to progressively include other priority resources, in particular water. To test this hypothesis we have taken a robust and well accepted methodology, the ELCC (Economics of Low Carbon development strategies for Cities) developed by SEI and CCCEP, and we have extended it to the case of demand side water efficiency strategies for cities. We have then applied the adapted ELCC framework to the case study of the domestic sector of the city of Bologna (Italy), identifying and prioritizing several efficiency measures. Measures were evaluated through their capital investment, annual values of savings, payback period and reduction in consumption, and then aggregated in different scenarios in order to highlight potential urban investments and to showcase a possible approach to the prioritization of demand side water efficiency measures. The results show that, with an upfront investment of € 17 million, a feasible subset of Bologna’s households could be equipped with five selected cost-effective measures, generating annual savings of € 10.2 million and reducing the total domestic water consumption of 34% by 2020 compared to the 2012 initial value. With additional € 28.5 million, households could be equipped with more costly appliances reaching an overall water reduction of 37% by 2020. Our findings confirm that it is possible to successfully extend current approaches to urban energy efficiency strategies to include demand side water efficiency, adding an important building block to the construction of an integrated Nexus-based approach to green development strategies at the city-level. We encourage further tests to confirm the robustness of the methodology.     

天然沸石结构对合成分子筛吸附脱氮性能影响

针对污水厂尾水深度脱氨问题,从国内几个典型的天然沸石矿床中选取了 4种天然沸石(记为A、B、C、D),运用直接碱溶-水热晶化合成工艺制备分子筛,测定了各自的氨氮吸附性能;并采用XRF、XRD等表征方法,对比分析了 4种天然沸石在元素组成及矿物含量方面的差异,结合4种合成产物的晶体结构、元素组成、表面形貌分析结果,探讨了...     

Bioaugmentation of DDT-contaminated soil by dissemination of the catabolic plasmid pDOD

A plasmid transfer-mediated bioaugmentation method for the enhancement of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) degradation in soil was developed using the catabolic plasmid pDOD from Sphingobacterium sp. D-6. The pDOD plasmid could be transferred to soil bacteria, such as members of Cellulomonas, to form DDT degraders and thus accelerate DDT degradation. The transfer efficiency of pDOD was affected by the donor, temperature, moisture, and soil type. Approximately 50.7% of the DDT in the contaminated field was removed 210 days after the application of Escherichia coli TG I (pDOD-gfp). The results suggested that seeding pDOD into soil is an effective bioaugmentation method for enhancing the degradation of DDT.     

Bench-scale synthesis of zeolite A from subbituminous coal ashes with high crystalline silica content

In this present work, fly ash and bottom ash with high crystalline silica content were obtained from the coal-fired boilers within the paper industries in Thailand. These coal ashes were used as the basic raw materials for synthetic zeolite production. The crystal type and crystallinity, specific surface area and pore size, and textural properties of zeolite products were characterized by using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), N₂ sorption analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. It was found that sodalite octahydrate was selectively formed via the direct conventional (one-step) synthesis, whereas through a two-step, sodium silicate preparation and consecutive zeolite A synthesis process, 94 and 72 wt.% zeolite A products could be produced from the fly ash and bottom ash, respectively. The cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of fly ash and bottom ash-derived zeolite A products were closely similar to that of the commercial grade zeolite A.     

绿色化学教育的探讨

当今全球十大环境问题几乎每都直接与化学和化学工业污染污染有关，如何减少化学和化学工业所造成的污染是许多环境保护工作者所研究的重要课题，本文介绍了绿色化学的内涵，提出了实施绿色化学理论教育和绿色化学实验教育的具体措施，绿色化学及绿色化学教育对环境保护具有重大而深远的意义。     

Colonization of Penicillium oxalicum SL2 in Pb-contaminated paddy soil and its immobilization effect on soil Pb

Penicillium oxalicum SL2 (SL2) is a previously screened Pb-tolerant fungus that can promote crops growth. The relationship between SL2 colonization and Pb immobilization was studied to provide a theoretical basis for microbial remediation of Pb-contaminated paddy soil. In this study, green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled SL2 was inoculated into different Pb-contaminated paddy soils (S1-S6). The Pb extracted from the soil by HNO₃, EDTA and CaCl₂ were used to characterize the available Pb. The results showed that the colonization of SL2 was divided into lag phase (0-7 days), growth phase (7-30 days), and mortality phase (30-90 days). SL2 colonized well in sandy soils rich in clay and total phosphorus with initial pH of 4.5-7.0. In addition, SL2 increased soil pH and decreased soil Eh, which was beneficial to immobilize Pb. In different soils, the highest percentages of CaCl₂-Pb, EDTA-Pb, and HNO₃-Pb immobilized by SL2 were 34.34%-40.53%, 17.05%-20.11%, and 7.39%-15.62%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the percentages of CaCl₂-Pb and EDTA-Pb immobilized by SL2 were significantly positively correlated with the number of SL2 during the growth phase. SL2 mainly immobilized Pb in the growth phase and a higher peak number of SL2 was beneficial to the immobilization of Pb.