TM法与分块耦合技术生成复杂结构计算网格的研究

讨论运用网格生成微分法中的TM方法以及分块耦合技术,构造复杂结构在笛卡尔直角坐标系下的三维伪极坐标计算网格系统和三维直角坐标计算网格系统,为复杂结构形状的流体动力学计算和燃烧过程数值模拟打下坚实的基础。     

Integration of Wireless Sensor Networks into Cyberinfrastructure for Monitoring Hawaiian “Mountain-to-Sea” Environments

Monitoring the complex environmental relationships and feedbacks of ecosystems on catchment (or mountain)-to-sea scales is essential for social systems to effectively deal with the escalating impacts of expanding human populations globally on watersheds. However, synthesis of emerging technologies into a robust observing platform for the monitoring of coupled human-natural environments on extended spatial scales has been slow to develop. For this purpose, the authors produced a new cyberinfrastructure for environmental monitoring which successfully merged the use of wireless sensor technologies, grid computing with three-dimensional (3D) geospatial data visualization/exploration, and a secured internet portal user interface, into a working prototype for monitoring mountain-to-sea environments in the high Hawaiian Islands. A use-case example is described in which native Hawaiian residents of Waipa Valley (Kauai) utilized the technology to monitor the effects of regional weather variation on surface water quality/quantity response, to better understand their local hydrologic cycle, monitor agricultural water use, and mitigate the effects of lowland flooding.     

探究大气污染防治网格化监测的应用

在对大气污染进行实际防治的过程中,为了提高监测的效果,保障大气环境不受污染,需要重视网格化监测的应用,进而实现精细的管理模式。基于此,本文分析了网格化监测在大气污染防治所发挥的作用,并阐述网格化监测的组成以及技术要求,提出相应的建议。     

荷电水雾振弦栅除尘效率影响因素及相关性分析

为进一步提高荷电水雾振弦栅除尘器除尘效率,在自制模型基础上进行实验,在喷雾水压、喷嘴孔径一定时,以除尘效率η为实验结果,针对入口风速(V)、电场强度(E)和放电距离(L)3个影响因素进行实验研究。根据实验结果得到各影响因素与除尘效率的线性关系,利用MATLAB进行曲线拟合,得到拟合线性方程,通过SPSS软件分析了各因素针对除尘效率的权重关系为V>E>L,并得到V、E和L的相关性系数分别为:-0.264、1.529、0.016;实验结果表明:η与V成负相关、与E和L成正相关;V和E对η具有非常显著的影响,而L的影响相对较弱;综合拟合方程和相关性系数,建立了该项实验3因素对除尘效率影响的经验公式。效验表明该公式可靠,具有一定参考价值。     

Arrhenius燃烧模型对离散网络的限制

在火蔓延过程的数值模拟中，如果采用Arrhenius燃烧模型，对网格的划分有一定的限制条件。本文作者分别在层流工况和弱湍流工况下通过对油－沙池表面火蔓延过程的数值模拟研究，发现：如果采用Arrhenius燃烧模型，则不合适的网格划分会影响火焰的传播。通过对火焰传播机理的分析，提出一无量纲网格生成准则数π。如果网格划分的网格准则数π大于其临界准则数π0，则网格的划分不会影响火焰传播过程，即网格的划分是合适的，反之，若π＜π0，则所划分的网格就是不合适的，须重新生成网格。     

Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment of Wujiang RiverWatershed in Guizhou Province,SW China

The amount of pollution from nonpoint sources flowing in the streams of the Wujiang River watershed in Guizhou Province, SW China, is estimated by a geographic information system (GIS)-based method using rainfall, surface runoff and land use data. A grid of cells of 100 m in size is laid over the landscape. For each cell, mean annual surface runoff is estimated from rainfall and percent land use, and expected pollutant concentration is estimated from land use. The product of surface runoff and concentration gives expected pollutant loading from that cell. These loadings are accumulated going downstream to give the expected annual pollutant loadings in streams and rivers. By dividing these accumulated loadings by the similarly accumulated mean annual surface runoff, the expected pollutant concentration from nonpoint sources is determined for each location in a stream or river. Observed pollutant concentrations in the watershed are averaged at each sample point and compared to the expected concentrations at the same locations determined from the grid cell model. In general, annual nonpoint source nutrient loadings in the Wujiang River watershed are seen to be predominantly from the agricultural and meadow areas. The total annual loadings through the outlet of the watershed are 40,309 and 2,607 tons for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively.     

Bandwidth determination for kernel density analysis of wildfire events at forest sub-district scale

Forest fire is regarded as one of the most significant factors leading to land degradation. While evaluating fire hazard or producing fire risk zone maps, quantitative analyses using historic fire data is often required, and during all these modeling and multi-criteria analysis processes, the fire event itself is taken as the dependent variable. However, there are two main problematic issues in analyzing historic fire data. The first difficulty arises from the fact that it is in point format, whereas a continuous surface is frequently needed for statistically analyzing the relationship of fire events with other factors, such as anthropogenic, topographic and climatic conditions. Another, and probably the most bothersome challenge is to overcome inaccuracy inherent in historic fire data in point format, since the exact coordinates of ignition points are mostly unknown. In this study, kernel density mapping, a widely used method for converting discrete point data into a continuous raster surface, was used to map the historic fire data in Mumcular Forest Sub-district in Mu?la, Turkey. The historic fire data was transferred onto the digital forest stand map of the study area, where the exact locations of ignition points are unknown; however, the exact number of ignition points in each compartment of the forest stand map is known. Different random distributions of ignition points were produced, and for each random distribution, kernel density maps were produced by applying two distinct kernel functions with several smoothing parameter options. The obtained maps were compared through correlation analysis in order to illustrate the effect of randomness, choice of kernel function and smoothing parameter. The proposed method gives a range of values rather than a single bandwidth value; however, it provides a more reliable way than comparing the maps with different bandwidths subjectively by eye.