用常规活性污泥法及一体化氧化沟新工艺处理生活污水的效果分析

对常规活性污泥法和一体化氧化沟工艺在中原油田基地污水厂的应用效果进行了对比分析。月度抽查对比监测发现,两种生物处理法对有机物均有较好的去除效果。一体化氧化沟工艺是一种新型的生活污水处理技术,它对SS、NH3-N的去除效果优于常规法。连续三天的日均值监测结果表明,新工艺对各种污染物的去除效果达到91%以上。这种工艺集通氧、沉淀、废渣分离和回收为一体,占地面积小,操作简单,在中原油田污水站取得了较好的应用效果。     

Using chemical models for evaluating the geochemical confinement capacity of a geological barrier application to the Centre de Stockage de l'Aube (France)

The feasibility of using a chemical reaction-based approach for evaluating and modelling the role of adsorption reactions in determining the geochernical confinement capacity of natural geological barriers is being studied as part of an on-going R & D programme. The confined superficial aquifer underlying the Centre de Stockage de l'Aube facility, a geological barrier for this site, has been used as a case study with the following aims. First, development of a site characterisation protocol and demonstration of its use to determine the principal geochemical characteristics of aquifer materials using batch experiments and to represent the information obtained in terms of a chemical model. The experimental results obtained for Ni²⁺ partitioning as a function of total Ni, pH, total Ca and total solid can be satisfactorily represented in terms of reactions with an ion exchange site and a single amphoteric surface hydroxyl site with ferrihydrite reaction constants. A second objective is the incorporation of the reactions in a coupled geochemistry/transport code, and to verify the applicability of the coupled code predictions for Ni²⁺ mass transfer by comparison with the results obtained during column tracer experiments. The breakthrough curve and equilibrium solid phase Ni loading, predicted by a one-dimensional coupled model for a column tracer experiment, agree closely with observed data.Additional studies are underway to reduce model conditionality, to extend the adsorption model to other analogue cations and anions, to incorporate the effect of natural organic matter and to take into consideration precipitation/dissolution of amorphous Fe surface phases.     

EFFECTS OF LIME-SLUDGE DISCHARGE ON AN ARCTIC RIVER1

ABSTRACT: The Fairbanks Water Treatment Plant in Fairbanks, Alaska, processes approximately 3 MGD of drinking water using lime softening. Approximately 0.3 MGD of lime-sludge from the treatment process is combined with effluent from a nearby power plant and discharged to the Chena River. There is little information available on the impact of water-treatment sludge discharges, and virtually no information on the impacts of such discharges in polar environments. Concern surrounding the discharge of water treatment sludges have centered on alum-sludge due to the potential toxic effects of aluminum. Because of the relatively benign composition of lime-sludge, very little research has been published. However, there is the possibility that discharge of solids will result in sedimentation, accumulation of solids, and subsequent impacts on benthic organisms. This paper reports on the results of a study to determine if lime-sludge discharge from the water treatment plant is adversely impacting the river environment. The results provide basic information on the important variables of concern in lime-discharges to rivers. Samples from the discharge of the water treatment plant and combined water treatment plant/power plant effluent were collected weekly over a one-year period, and in-stream benthic and water column samples were collected biweekly during the fall and spring. Sediment and water quality data indicate that while significant accumulation of sludge solids is found downstream of the water treatment plant outfall, they are flushed out of the system by spring flows, which are significantly increased by snow melt. This process is most likely repeated on a yearly cycle. Hence, the data suggest that the FMUS water treatment plant's discharge of lime-sludge is probably not adversely impacting the river. More generally, this may indicate that the natural flow variations and sediment-laden characteristics of Arctic, glacier-fed rivers may assimilate large quantities of nonputrescible solids without significant changes in the natural river environment. Further research in this area is required to verify this conclusion.     

点评城市生活垃圾处置

城市生活垃圾处置技术是减量化、资原化和无害化3结合的最优系统集成，单一的垃圾处置则存在诸多弊病。建设现代化城市必须革新理念，改革简单处置城市生活垃圾的单一化思想，以国家有关政策法规为指导，采用国际先进技术，推进城市生活垃圾处置事业的国际化。     

济三煤矿环保工程实施与展望

阐述济三煤矿在建设过程中的“三同时”执行情况及污染治理过程中采用的新技术,特别就其将来的环境工程与绿化工程实施作了论述。     

石灰在纺织废水处理中的应用

介绍了石灰作为主混凝剂在处理纺织废水中的应用。实践证明 ,此方法处理费用低、处理效果可靠 ,为同类废水治理提供了宝贵的经验。     

Urban garbage disposal and management in China

This paper, probing into the present situation of urban domestic garbage by analyzing its growing trend, compositional change and regional difference, reveals the problems existing in its disposul and management in China. Meanwhile, a questionnaire was conducted in five big cities around China for surveying urban residents‘ attitudes towards garbage disposal and management policies and measures. Results showed the outlmt of urban domestic garbage in Chinese cities is ever increasing, and the recoverable materials and energy in garbage composition are also increasing. The population growth, economic development, and increase of residents‘ expenditure level are the main factors influencing the growing output and changing composition of the garbage. Information acquired from the questionnaire showed that majority of the urban residentsare in favor d the garbage reduction policies and managerial measures and are willing to collaborate with municipal government in battling against gadbage. Based on the analysis and questionnaire, some policymaking-oriented suggestions such as operating the garbage disposal from a social welfare service to a sector of profit-gaining enterprises, transferring the garbage management from passive end control to active source control,promoting the classified garbage collection in cities around China, and charging garbage fees for its cleanup and disposal, have also been put forward in the paper.     

浅析石化工业有害固体废物区域性管理及处理处置

石化行业工业有害固体废物处理处理，与发达国家相比仍处于起步阶段，集团公司应坚持经济与环境双赢，减量化，无害化，资源化的原则，对工业有害固体物实施全面，系统的管理，积极推行固体废物集中处置设施的区域化，规模化，有效地控制排污总量，真正带动和改善区域环境质量，树立石化企业良好形象。     

应用活性污泥表面曝气法处理制浆污水

介绍了南平造纸厂采用活性污泥表面曝气法处理制浆污水四年以来的运行状况,除COD_(cr)一项指标外,BOD_5、SS、pH均达到国家一级排放标准.指出了运行中存在和需改进的问题.     

污泥处理与处置的认识误区与技术对策

通过分析我国污泥处理处置的现状及国内外污泥处理处置发展动态,指出目前污泥处理过程中在污泥处理责任主体、污泥监管系统和相关标准上存在的若干问题,以及就目前各种污泥的处置方案,引出污泥处理处置的认识误区,从而对污泥处置方法进行分析说明,找出一条经济可行、管理方便的处理对策,并对污泥的最终处置方式提出合理的建议。