隧道安全事故分析与安全施工措施探讨

全面分析隧道安全事故并根据事故原因提出相应的安全施工措施，对于隧道施工企业营造企业安全文化，提高企业管理水平，具有重要的现实意义。本文根据多年的施工管理经验，分析了隧道施工过程中常见的安全事故，提出了隧道安全施工的措施。     

浅议内蒙古固体危险废物的处置现状及管理对策

本文主要介绍内蒙古工业固体危险废物的来源、分布，处理、处置现状，目前存在的问题，经分析提出适合内蒙古区情的处置方法及相应管理对策建议，供政府及决策部门参考。     

石油化工工业废水处理工艺研究

石油化工工业废水污染物含量变化大 ,毒性大 ,其成份非常复杂。对不同种类的石化废水 ,往往需要几种不同的治理技术综合起来才能达到理想的治理目的。本文根据石油化工工业废水治理的工业应用运行实验 ,对其废水治理工艺及实用技术进行了研究     

高速公路生活区污水处理初探

通过对高速公路生活区污水特点的分析及各种生活污水处理的工艺比较向人们提供一种适合高速公路生活区污水处理的工艺。     

O3/GAC/UV预处理医药化工废水的研究

以对硝基苯甲酸车间废水为试验对象，采用先进的O3/GAC／UV工艺进行预处理。结果表明：对原水CODcr浓度为10960mg／L，经预氧化处理后，CODcr去除率达53％，废水BOD5／CODcr由原来的0．1提高到0．34，极大地改善了废水的生化性能，为后续的生物降解打下了良好的基础。     

散化码头化学品水污染危害性评估模式研究

提出散化码头三类典型液体化学品水污染危害性评估模式 ,并建立其计算扩散模型。     

危险化学品大气污染事故模拟

近年来国内突发性危险化学品大气污染事故频繁发生,为及时做出风险评估及救援决策,需要在事故初发阶段快速模拟确定其危害程度和范围。以东部沿海地区某一假想化工厂突发性泄漏事故为例,对其可能的危害范围进行模拟,采用WRF-CALMET模式模拟事故区域的高分辨率气象场,耦合随机模式模拟污染物的扩散过程。结果表明,WRF能精确地模拟1 km分辨率的近地面气象场的演变趋势。将该结果用于CALMET模式获得了高分辨率风场数据,再输入随机模式中进行扩散模拟,结果显示该模式能合理地模拟出污染物的危害范围及地面最高浓度。     

Impact of improving vehicle front design on the burden of pedestrian injuries in Germany,the United States,and India

Objective: European car design regulations and New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) ratings have led to reductions in pedestrian injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of improving vehicle front design on mortality and morbidity due to pedestrian injuries in a European country (Germany) and 2 countries (the United States and India) that do not have pedestrian-focused NCAP testing or design regulations.

Methods: We used data from the International Road Traffic and Accident Database and the Global Burden of Disease project to estimate baseline pedestrian deaths and nonfatal injuries in each country in 2013. The effect of improved passenger car star ratings on probability of pedestrian injury was based on recent evaluations of pedestrian crash data from Germany. The effect of improved heavy motor vehicle (HMV) front end design on pedestrian injuries was based on estimates reported by simulation studies. We used burden of disease methods to estimate population health loss by combining the burden of morbidity and mortality in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost.

Results: Extrapolating from evaluations in Germany suggests that improving front end design of cars can potentially reduce the burden of pedestrian injuries due to cars by up to 24% in the United States and 41% in India. In Germany, where cars comply with the United Nations regulation on pedestrian safety, additional improvements would have led to a 1% reduction. Similarly, improved HMV design would reduce DALYs lost by pedestrian victims hit by HMVs by 20% in each country. Overall, improved vehicle design would reduce DALYs lost to road traffic injuries (RTIs) by 0.8% in Germany, 4.1% in the United States, and 6.7% in India.

Conclusions: Recent evaluations show a strong correlation between Euro NCAP pedestrian scores and real-life pedestrian injuries, suggesting that improved car front end design in Europe has led to substantial reductions in pedestrian injuries. Although the United States has fewer pedestrian crashes, it would nevertheless benefit substantially by adopting similar regulations and instituting pedestrian NCAP testing. The maximum benefit would be realized in low- and middle-income countries like India that have a high proportion of pedestrian crashes. Though crash avoidance technologies are being developed to protect pedestrians, supplemental protection through design regulations may significantly improve injury countermeasures for vulnerable road users.     

Procedural influences on scientific advisory work: the case of chemical hazard characterization

The quality of science for policy depends as much on the robustness of available scientific knowledge as it does on the procedural settings and working procedures in safety agencies. Using a report on Bisphenol A as a case study, and a set of original criteria, we provide an understanding of procedural influences on the results of scientific advisory committees and about literature reviews for chemical hazard characterization. Expert elicitation revealed that three aspects are critically important for the results of the advisory activity and for the selected case study: the method used to combine different studies, the interpretation of the review results in terms of level of evidence and conclusiveness, and the choice of uncertainty factors. Our results also show how procedural settings and working procedures can promote the invisible influence of values and policy on scientific advisory activities.     

舟山潮差带海相沉积物的物理和化学特征

为舟山潮差带海相沉积物固结机理的深入研究提供物质基础,采用激光粒度仪分析了海相沉积物的粒度组成,并测试了海相沉积物的化学元素、化合物种类及其相对含量,还使用X-射线衍射技术分析了海相沉物的矿物组成。结果表明:海相沉积物含水率高、初始孔隙比大、呈流塑状,为低液限粉质黏土;活性指数为12.4,属于活动黏性土,矿物的亲水性较好;全盐含量高达9~11.2 g/kg,阳离子交换能力不强,有机质含量(5.82~12.7 g/kg)较高;pH 值为7.35~8.36,呈弱碱性,加上孔隙水中K+ ,Na+ ,Ca2+ ,Mg2+ 的存在,使得高岭石常不稳定,有向伊利石、蒙脱石或绿泥石转化的趋势。