黄河(喇嘛湾段)沉积物中铜、铅、锌、镉的化学形态研究

建立了黄河 (清水河段 )沉积物中铜、铅、锌、镉的化学形态分析方法 ,系统地研究了它们在其有效态中的聚集能力及在各种粒径沉积物中的分布     

Effects of Regional Reductions in Sulphur Deposition on the Chemical and Biological Recovery of Lakes within Killarney Park, Ontario, Canada

The lakes in KillarneyProvincial Park, located 40–60 km southwest ofSudbury, Ontario, were some of the first lakesin North America to be acidified by atmosphericpollutants. Acidification affected thousandsof fish and invertebrate populations in dozensof lakes. Since the 1970's, water quality hasimproved in response to atmospheric pollutionreductions and some lakes have alreadyrecovered to approximately their pre-industrialpH levels, as inferred from diatom microfossilsin lake sediments. Since the 1970's, fishspecies richness has not changed substantially,but zooplankton species richness has increasedin acidified lakes. The critical sulphur load,the amount of SO₂-derived acid depositionthat can occur while still maintaining suitable water quality, was estimated to beexceeded in 38% of the park area in 1997. Depending on which of four possible NorthAmerican emission control scenarios (CLR =currently legislated reduction; CLR + 25%; CLR+ 50%; CLR + 75%) is achieved by 2010, theprojected critical loads will be exceeded inabout 0-30% of the park area in the future. There are many factors that can affectbiological recovery rates of damaged lakes, butit is expected that biological recovery willlag considerably behind observed chemicalrecovery rates.     

Incidence of stress in benthic communities along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts within different ranges of sediment contamination from chemical mixtures

Synoptic data on concentrations of sediment-associated chemical contaminants and benthic macroinfaunal community structure were collected from 1,389 stations in estuaries along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts as part of the nationwide Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). These data were used to develop an empirical framework for evaluating risks of benthic community-level effects within different ranges of sediment contamination from mixtures of multiple chemicals present at varying concentrations. Sediment contamination was expressed as the mean ratio of individual chemical concentrations relative to corresponding sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), including Effects Range-Median (ERM) and Probable Effects Level (PEL) values. Benthic condition was assessed using diagnostic, multi-metric indices developed for each of three EMAP provinces (Virginian, Carolinian, and Louisianian). Cumulative percentages of stations with a degraded benthic community were plotted against ascending values of the mean ERM and PEL quotients. Based on the observed relationships, mean SQG quotients were divided into four ranges corresponding to either a low, moderate, high, or very high incidence of degraded benthic condition. Results showed that condition of the ambient benthic community provides a reliable and sensitive indicator for evaluating the biological significance of sediment-associated stressors. Mean SQG quotients marking the beginning of the contaminant range associated with the highest incidence of benthic impacts (73–100% of samples, depending on the province and type of SQG) were well below those linked to high risks of sediment toxicity as determined by short-term toxicity tests with single species. Measures of the ambient benthic community reflect the sensitivities of multiple species and life stages to persistent exposures under actual field conditions. Similar results were obtained with preliminary data from the west coast (Puget Sound).     

济南市沙尘暴污染影响和物理化学特性分析

沙尘暴的袭击严重污染了城市环境质量，对济南市沙尘暴进行采样及化学元素成分分析。沙尘暴期间城市空气中TSP浓度高达6155ug／m^3，是同期的23．7倍。沙尘暴颗粒物元素以地壳元素为主，并且对各种元素有不同程度的富集。     

对加强危险废物（有害废物）和有毒化学品管理的思考

论述了危险废物的危害性，对危险废物及管理方面优无考虑的问题，结合国内外，尤其是辽宁省的具体运行进展情况提出相关对策与建议。     

化学沉淀法去除水中氨氮的试验研究

研究进行了用Mg2 + 、Mn2 + 分别与PO4 3- 作用去除NH4 + N的试验研究 ,探讨其化学反应机理 ,确定了最佳投药比、反应pH和Mg2 + 、Mn2 + 的协同效应 ,并对广州李坑垃圾填埋场渗滤液中NH4 + N进行了处理 ,其中最大NH4 + N去除率达 96 .1 %。     

农用化学品对农产品的污染及其对策

由于农业大量使用化学品 ,使农产品的农药残留量及其衍生物增加 ,从而对人体健康造成具大的危害性。本文的主要目的就是让人们进一步认识在农产品生产中使用农用化学品的危害 ,倡导我国农业走绿色农产品生产的道路     

化学污泥中铝盐混凝剂的回用

在自来水厂和污水处理厂中 ,铝盐作为混凝剂已得到了广泛的应用。在絮凝过程中所产生的化学污泥不仅体积大 ,而且还含有大量的铝盐 ,若不加以回用处理 ,会对环境产生不良影响。对几种铝盐污泥的回用方法进行了阐述 ,以便进一步探索综合利用含铝盐化学污泥的有效途径。     

N2O emissions from agricultural soils in the North China Plain:the effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure

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氨联产甲醇物料的危险性辨识、评价及安全措施

氨联产甲醇生产法是生产甲醇的一种主要方法。甲醇生产中的物料都是比较危险的化学品,该类化学品易燃、易爆,容易使人中毒,如果管理不善,一旦发生意外,将造成巨大经济损失和重大人员伤亡。笔者按照OHSMS(职业安全健康管理体系)标准,对氨联产甲醇生产系统中生产过程物料和成品物料的危险性进行辨识和评价,提出了在氨联产甲醇生产系统中有关生产运行的安全管理控制措施,为氨联产甲醇生产系统的安全生产提供了切实可行的手段和途径,旨在提醒人们对氨联产甲醇生产系统的安全生产引起充分重视。