Assessing health consequences in an environmental impact assessment: The case of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

In this article a comprehensive approach for the evaluation of possible health effects in an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is described, illustrated with the example of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. Unlike many EIAs, we estimated quantitatively the impact of aircraft-related pollution in terms of the number of affected people for aircraft noise annoyance, odour annoyance and hypertension. In addition, an analysis of health registry data on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and a short survey on annoyance and risk perception were carried out. The scope of a health impact assessment depends on the situation, available knowledge and data, concern in the population about the impact and the number of people concerned. It is important to pay attention to the perception of risks and concerns from all parties involved. Moreover, the results demonstrate that far more people outside the area for which standards apply were affected than inside.     

我国劳动安全卫生科技事业正在兴旺发展——劳动部承担的“九五”国家重点科技攻关课题已完成立项论证并开始启动

“八五”期间,劳动部组织的劳动安全卫生领域重大科技项目,首次列入国家科技发展计划并取得重要成果和显著效益;劳动部承担的“九五”国家重点攻关课题已完成预研和立项论证并进入项目攻关实施阶段;“重大工业火灾、爆炸、毒物泄漏事故预防技术研究”、“在役工业压力管道安全评估与重要压力容器寿命预测技术研究”、“典型作业环境粉尘危害及防护技术研究”及“激光安全卫生技术及激光加工安全工程的研究”四个重点攻关课题的完成,将为促进文明生产、保护职工安全与健康,为提高安全科学技术水平发挥重要作用;劳动部正在教育、科研、技术职称评审方面综合、协调、系统地开展工作,旨在建立一支体系完整的、相对独立的、高水平的安全科学技术队伍,加速我国劳动安全卫生科技事业兴旺发展。     

HSE项目管理体系中环境保护专业的作用

在对比国内建设项目环保管理体系和HSE环保管理体系的基础上，总结了PMC项目环保管理工作的经验，对HSE项目管理运作模式中环保专业的职能和作用进行了一定程度的探讨。     

上海市能源提高效率和优化结构对居民健康影响的评价

为定量评价上海市提高能源效率和优化能源结构后，因大气环境质量改善而获得的居民健康效益，采用定量健康危险度评价的方法，结合大气污染物浓度每增高一单位所产生的健康损失，对能源效率提高和结构调整实施后，大气污染物浓度的变化对上海市居民未来健康状况的影响进行定量评估，结果表明，与不实施相应能源政策的基线场景相比，上海实施能源效率提高和结构调整后，2010年和2020年可以分别减少2937例和6834例与大气污染相关的死亡，同时还可减少一定数量的发病，住院和门诊人数。     

铅对健康的影响研究进展

对铅与健康的研究进展作一简要介绍，包括铅中毒指标，铅的测定方法，铅对健康的影响和铅危害防治措施。     

民用建筑室内空气品质与人体健康

就人们日益关注的室内空气品质问题进行描述 ,解释了室内空气品质的概念 ,指出其影响因素 ,分析室内空气对人体健康的影响。     

试论河流生态系统健康及其评价方法

河流生态系统是与人类密切相关的生态系统,它的健康与否直接关系到人类健康和社会经济的发展.在此介绍了生态系统健康的概念,并以河流生态系统为例,将生态系统健康评价指标分为系统本身特性指标和社会发展与人类健康指标两大类.着重阐述了系统本身特性中的生态指标,列举了以着生藻类、底栖无脊椎动物和鱼类为指示生物的评价方法.最后指出生态系统健康评价的难点.     

100 years of high GEM concentration in the Central Italian Herbarium and Tropical Herbarium Studies Centre (Florence, Italy)

Up to 1980s, the most used preservative for herbaria specimens was HgCl₂, sublimating at ambient air conditions; ionic Hg then reduces to Hg⁰ (gaseous elemental mercury, GEM) and diffuses throughout poor ventilated environments. High GEM levels may indeed persist for decades, representing a health hazard. In this study, we present new GEM data from the Central Italian Herbarium and Tropical Herbarium Studies Centre of the University of Florence (Italy). These herbaria host one of the largest collection of plants in the world. Here, HgCl₂ was documented as plant preservative up to the 1920s. GEM surveys were conducted in July 2013 and July and December 2017, to account for temporal and seasonal variations.Herbaria show GEM concentrations well above those of external locations, with peak levels within specimen storage cabinets, exceeding 50,000?ng/m³. GEM concentrations up to ~ 7800?ng/m³ were observed where the most ancient collections are stored and no ventilation systems were active. On the contrary, lower GEM concentrations were observed at the first floor. Here, lower and more homogeneously distributed GEM concentrations were measured in 2017 than in 2013 since the air-conditioning system was updated in early 2017.GEM concentrations were similar to other herbaria worldwide and lower than Italian permissible exposure limit of 20,000?ng/m³ (8-hr working day). Our results indicate that after a century from the latest HgCl₂ treatment GEM concentrations are still high, i.e., the treatment itself is almost irreversible. Air conditioning and renewing is probably the less expensive and more effective method for GEM lowering.     

浅谈室内空气环境污染与防治

室内环境污染是继煤烟污染和光化学污染之后的全球第三大空气污染问题,它对居民健康和整个社会经济均会造成重大的损失。本文简述了室内空气污染的种类及其对人体健康的危害,从4个方面提出了防治室内空气污染的措施。     

大气环境防护距离和卫生防护距离区别及应用的探讨

针对2009年4月1日起实施的《环境影响评价技术导则大气环境》(HJ2.2-2008)中所提出的"大气环境防护距离"的概念展开详细探讨。结合《制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法》(GB/T13201-91)中提出的"卫生防护距离",从定义、设置前提、计算方法的角度与"大气环境防护距离"进行对比分析,引用建设项目环境影响评价中的案例阐述这两者的主要区别,并对当前执行情况提出建议。