中国农民工最新情况调查报告

《国务院关于解决农民工问题的若干意见》实施1年以来，农民工的状况得到有效的改善。特别是工资收入有了明显的提高，月均工资比2004年增加625元，拖欠问题有所缓解，政府给农民工提供的服务有所加强。但是农民工收入低、处境困难等基本问题还没有得到根本改变，尤其是农民工比较强烈的市民化愿望也远远没有实现。所以必须在进一步落实各项解决农民工问题的政策的同时，还需要进行制度创新，加大相关投入，逐步消除农民工市民化的制度障碍和资金困难，从根本上解决农民工问题。     

Needle stick and sharps injuries among health care workers in Gondar city, Ethiopia

Background

All employees in health care settings handling needles or other sharps are at risk for needle stick and sharps injuries (NSSIs). Health care workers in under developed countries are at greater risk of infection from blood borne pathogens because of the lack of safety devices and the high prevalence of these pathogens.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of NSSIs and associated factors among health care workers in government health institutions in Gondar city, Ethiopia.

Methods

Institution based cross sectional study was conducted from May-December, 2010. The study included 344 health care workers who were selected from the source population using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews using structured and pre-tested questionnaire and the collected data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.

Results

The prevalence of NSSIs among health care workers in the preceding 12 months was 106 (30.8%), of which 58 (54.7%) was reported by females. Lack of training on occupational health and safety, working more than 48 h/week, dissatisfaction with work environment and work culture, greater than 10 years of work experience and having low and moderate perception of risk were found to be significantly associated with NSSIs.

Conclusion

The study found high prevalence of NSSIs among health care workers. Effective training, ongoing awareness on the risk of hazards, preventive measures such as engineering control, and post-exposure prophylaxis following NSSIs are essential to reduce the risk of such injuries.     

Changes in HIV/AIDS/STI knowledge, attitudes and practices among commercial sex workers and military forces in Port Loko, Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone suffered from 11 years of civil war (1991-2002) resulting in tens of thousands of deaths and mutilations together with massive population displacement. In 2001, ARC International, Sierra Leone conducted a baseline survey of 201 commercial sex workers (CSWs) and 202 military respondents on the knowledge, attitudes and practices surrounding HIV/AIDS and STIs in Port Loko, Sierra Leone. In 2003, a comparable post-intervention survey of 202 CSWs and 205 military respondents was performed. Comparison of baseline and post-intervention results showed that HIV/AIDS knowledge increased among both groups, with those able to name three effective means of avoiding AIDS increasing from 5 per cent to 70 per cent among CSWs, and 11 to 75 per cent among the military. Reported condom use during last sex increased among CSWs from 38 to 68 per cent and among military from 39 to 68 per cent. These results demonstrate that, despite the challenges inherent in a post-conflict country, good-quality AIDS-prevention programmes can be effective.     

唐钢开展青年安全生产示范岗的经验

将PDCA循环与企业青年安全管理工作有机结合，介绍了创建“青年安全生产示范岗”活动的具体作法，为提高企业青年安全管理工作水平提供了有效途径。     

井下有限空间内作业人员噪声危害调查

为研究煤矿井下环境相对封闭、空间相对有限的情况下,噪声对作业人员的影响及危害,通过问卷调查的形式,分别对开滦集团东欢坨及荆各庄2煤矿井下5个不同作业区人员进行了共计200份的噪声危害问卷调查。将问卷调查结果通过SPSS软件进行统计与分析,并将SPSS分析得到的数据用于分析井下噪声对作业人员的影响及危害,归纳出噪声对作业人员的影响因素,并对噪声、影响因素及症状之间建立了井下噪声对作业人员影响的理论关系模型。结果表明:在井下有限空间内,噪声对作业人员的危害最严重的症状是耳鸣,危害最轻的症状是畏惧感;参与调查的多为年龄较大、工龄较长的作业人员,噪声对工龄较长者的危害程度要大于对年龄较大者,且工龄与噪声危害之间存在Pearson相关性系数大于0的正相关关系。     

Anthropometric hand dimensions in a population of Iranian male workers in 2012

Background. The mismatch between the hand size of workers and the size of industrial instruments is a growing concern; it can lead to various musculoskeletal complications. Currently, there are few reliable studies available to address this concern in Iran. This study was conducted to measure 30 upper-extremity parameters in a group of Iranian industrial workers. Methods. This study is a cross-sectional study on 529 workers. The study population was randomly selected from male Iranian industrial workers who were referred to the Yazd hospital occupational medicine clinic for surveillance evaluations. Results. The M (SD) age of the participants was 30.13 (8.29) years. Statistical analysis was performed using the mean, standard deviation and 5th, 50th and 90th percentiles for each measured hand dimension. A considerable number of dimensions were significantly different between the measurements of right and left hands in each examinee. The results showed significant differences between Iranian hand size and that of other populations. Conclusion. This study provided a valuable databank of hand dimensions in a population of Iranian male workers. These data can be used by manufacturers in designing high-quality hand-tools and industrial gloves, taking into consideration Iranian worker characteristics.     

Serum and urine monitoring of fluoride exposed workers in aluminium smelting factory

Ｓｅｒｕｍａｎｄｕｒｉｎｅｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇｏｆｆｌｕｏｒｉｄｅｅｘｐｏｓｅｄｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｉｎａｌｕｍｉｎｉｕｍｓｍｅｌｔｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒｙ￥Ｋ．Ｋｏｎｏ；Ｙ．Ｙｏｓｈｉｓｄａ；Ｍ．Ｗａｔａｎａｂｅ；Ｋ．Ｕｓｕｄａ；Ｈ．Ｎａｇａｉｅ；Ｙ．Ｔａｋ...     

高校宣传思想工作者要强化十种意识

高校宣传思想工作者要抓住宣传思想工作的根本问题,不断提高自身素质,尤其要强化相关意识:党性意识、人本意识、求真意识、服务意识、民主意识、导向意识、渗透意识、阵地意识、示范意识、创新意识。     

这起噪声污染案件如何定性

工厂中由于生产区与生活区无严格的界限导致噪声污染纠纷，由此引发噪声排放厂界的界定，厂界监测点的布置、厂界噪声超标排污费的征收等一系列问题。将生产区围墙作为噪声排放厂界、将有利于问题的解决，由此引发的纠纷既是劳动纠纷也是环境纠纷，环境保护行政主管部门，劳动部门都有权管辖。