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121.
对广西木论国家级自然保护区喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林旱季生态系统CO2净交换(NEE)的变化特征及其与环境因子的关系进行初步分析,计算研究期间碳汇大小,与其他相似气候条件下的不同生态系统进行对比,以期为准确估算该生态系统的年碳汇量提供基础。利用涡度相关法对该地区旱季(2018年10月1日~2019年3月31日)CO2通量进行连续观测,同时开展降水量(P)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、空气温度(Tair)、土壤温度(Tsoil)以及土壤含水量(SWC)等环境因子监测。观测期内该生态系统CO2通量及浓度具有明显的"单谷"状日变化特征,白天表现为明显的碳汇,夜间则表现为明显的碳源,NEE在12:00最强,为-0.309±0.330 mg CO2/(m2·s),18:30最弱,为0.074±0.061 mg CO2/(m2·s);观测期内NEE、生态系统呼吸(Re)、生态系统总生产力(GEP)分别为-121.4、209.2、330.6 g C/m2,该生态系统在2019年2月的碳吸收能力最强,Re、GEP在2018年10月达到最强;光合有效辐射是白天生态系统CO2净交换(NEEd)变化的主要控制因素(R2=0.40,p<0.01),空气温度与夜间生态系统CO2净交换(NEEn)存在指数关系(R2=0.1267,p<0.01);观测期内的降雨抑制了该生态系统的碳汇能力,即降水对NEE产生了抑制作用。旱季该生态系统整体表现出明显的碳汇,碳汇值为1.214 t C/ha,明显低于相似气候条件下的其他生态系统。 相似文献
122.
Guang Sun Gang Zhang Jingyong Liu Deniz Eren Evrendilek Musa Buyukada 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(9):124-137
An unavoidable but reusable waste so as to enhance a more circular waste utilization has been spent potlining (SPL) generated by the aluminum industry. The combustion mechanisms, evolved gasses, and ash properties of SPL were characterized dynamically in response to the elevated temperature and heating rates. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) results indicated an exothermic reaction behavior probably able to meet the energy needs of various industrial applications. The reaction mechanisms for the SPL combustion were best described using the 1.5-, 3- and 2.5-order reaction models. Fluoride volatilization rate of the flue gas was estimated at 2.24%. The SPL combustion emitted CO2, HNCO, NO, and NO2 but SOx. The joint optimization of remaining mass, derivative thermogravimetry, and derivative DSC was achieved with the optimal temperature and heating rate combination of 783.5°C, and 5 °C/min, respectively. Interaction between temperature and heating rate exerted the strongest and weakest impact on DSC and remaining mass, respectively. The fluorine mainly as the formation of substantial NaF and CaF2 in the residual ash. Besides, the composition and effect of environment of residual solid were evaluated. The ash slagging tendency and its mineral deposition mechanisms were elucidated in terms of turning SPL waste into a benign input to a circular waste utilization. 相似文献
123.
When a chemical tank fire happens in a storage area, it is very important to protect adjacent tanks so as to decrease fire accident losses. In this paper, a new thermal protection method was put forward based on a PPH (potassium polyacrylate & hectorite) thermal insulation composite material spraying on an adjacent tank under fire. Firstly, the PPH material was prepared successfully by a polymerization reaction of potassium acrylate, hectorite, NaHSO3 and (NH4)2S2O8. Secondly, thermal insulation performance of the PPH material was characterized by heat transfer process at high incident heat flux using cone calorimeter. The results show that thermal insulation performance of the PPH material is affected by a content change of (NH4)2S2O8, NaHSO3 and hectorite in formulations. The content of (NH4)2S2O8 0.14 wt%, NaHSO3 1.38 wt% and hectorite 1.4 wt% was an optimum formulation ratio to obtain best thermal insulation performance. Finally, possible thermal insulation mechanisms of the PPH material were presented using SEM, TG and TG-IR techniques. One of the thermal insulation mechanisms is the incident heat flux absorbed by water evaporation from the PPH material. Another is the thermal protection of the char formed from the PPH material at high incident thermal radiation, which can prevent heat and mass transfer. 相似文献
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以3种不同质量浓度的H2O2分别对沉水植物黑藻做3种不同程度的氧化胁迫预处理,再经冷胁迫后测定黑藻顶枝的膜脂过氧化程度(MDA含量)、细胞抗氧化酶(SOD,CAT)活性.结果发现低浓度氧化胁迫预处理(0.06mmol/L的H2O2浸泡4或6 h预处理组)的黑藻经冷胁迫处理后,成活率不降低,其膜脂过氧化程度和细胞抗氧化酶的活性还有提高;而经中、高浓度氧化胁迫预处理(0.60mmol/L的H2O2浸泡6和12 h预处理组或1.00mmol/L的H2O2浸泡4,6和12 h预处理组)后的黑藻在冷胁迫处理后的结果则相反.因此,沉水植物黑藻对氧化胁迫感知并做出反应的机制(氧化应激机制),在其对低温反应和适应过程中起着很重要的调节作用.建议早春时节在进行水生植物恢复过程中可采用适宜浓度的H2O2预处理植株,以提高植株的适应性和保持成活率,进一步提高水生植物恢复的效率和效果. 相似文献
127.
Carbon Sequestration by Carbonization of Biomass and Forestation: Three Case Studies 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Makoto Ogawa Yasuyuki Okimori Fumio Takahashi 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(2):421-436
We proposed the carbon sink project called “Carbon Sequestration by Forestation and Carbonization (CFC),” which involves biomass
utilization and land conservation by incorporating the products of biomass carbonization into the agents for soil improvement,
water purification, etc. Our purpose was to demonstrate the potential of the CFC scheme for carbon sequestration, particularly
carbon storage in soil. Case studies were conducted in both developing and developed countries. 1. In southern Sumatra, Indonesia,
88,369 Mg-C year−1 of wood residue from a plantation forest and excess bark from a pulp mill would be converted into 15,571 Mg-C year−1 of the net carbon sink by biochar for soil improvement. The fixed carbon recovery of the system is 21.0%. 2. In a semiarid
region in western Australia, the carbonization of wood residue was incorporated with multipurpose projects of a mallee eucalyptus
plantation that involved the function of salinity prevention. During the project period of 35 years, the total carbon sink
would reach 1,035,450 Mg-C with 14.0% by aboveground biomass, 33.1% by belowground biomass and 52.8% by biochar in soil. 3.
In southern Kyushu, Japan, the study was focused on the effective use of surplus heat from a garbage incinerator for carbonizing
woody materials. Sawdust of 936.0 Mg-C year−1 would be converted into the net carbon sink of 298.5 Mg-C year−1 by carbonization, with the fixed carbon recovery of the system being 31.9%. Consequently, the CFC project could encourage
the creation of a carbon sink in soil. However, we recognize that the quality standard of biochar, the stability of biochar
in soil, and the methods for monitoring biochar utilization must be clarified before incorporating biochar carbon into the
carbon credit system.
Throughout this article (except for diagrams and in citation details) carbonized biomass is, with the authors'agreement, called
‘biochar’ in lieu of the commonly used but misleading word ‘charcoal’ (Editor). 相似文献
128.
本文对燃煤掺烧固硫中的节能问题进行了探讨.试验表明:掺烧适量的钙基固硫剂,不但能提高灰渣熔点,改善结焦性能,强化燃烧,而且可以使总发热量有所提高.因此,掺烧固硫具有节能效果. 相似文献
129.
《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2014,16(1):93-108
Double-electrode gas metal arc welding (DE-GMAW) is a novel welding process in which a second electrode, non-consumable or consumable, is added to bypass part of the wire current. The bypass current reduces the heat input in non-consumable DE-GMAW or increases the deposition rate in consumable DE-GMAW. The fixed correlation of the heat input with the deposition in conventional GMAW and its variants is thus changed and becomes controllable. At the University of Kentucky, DE-GMAW has been tested/developed by adding a plasma arc welding torch, a GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) torch, a pair of GTAW torches, and a GMAW torch. Steels and aluminum alloys are welded and the system is powered by one or multiple power supplies with appropriate control methods. The metal transfer has been studied at the University of Kentucky and Shandong University resulting in the desirable spray transfer be obtained with less than 100 A base current for 1.2 mm diameter steel wire. At Lanzhou University of Technology, pulsed DE-GMAW has been successfully developed to join aluminum/magnesium to steel. At the Adaptive Intelligent Systems LLC, DE-GMAW principle has been applied to the submerged arc welding (SAW) and the embedded control systems needed for industrial applications have been developed. The DE-SAW resulted in 1/3 reduction in heat input for a shipbuilding application and the weld penetration depth was successfully feedback controlled. In addition, the bypass concept is extended to the GTAW resulting in the arcing-wire GTAW which adds a second arc established between the tungsten and filler to the existing gas tungsten arc. The DE-GMAW is extended to double-electrode arc welding (DE-AW) where the main electrode may not necessarily to be consumable. Recently, the Beijing University of Technology systematically studied the metal transfer in the arcing-wire GTAW and found that the desired metal transfer modes may always be obtained from the given wire feed speed by adjusting the wire current and wire position/orientation appropriately. A variety of DE-AW processes are thus available to suit for different applications, using existing arc welding equipment. 相似文献
130.