Pt/Mg-Ce-O catalyst for NO/H<Subscript>2</Subscript>/O<Subscript>2</Subscript> lean de-No<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> reaction

The NO/H₂/O₂ reaction was studied under oxidizing conditions in the 100-400 °C range over 0.1 wt% Pt supported on various metal oxides such as MgO, CeO₂, SiO₂, La₂O₃, CaO, Y₂O₃ and TiO₂. The Pt/MgO and Pt/CeO₂ catalysts showed good catalytic behaviours. Here, we find that the Pt/Mg-Ce-O catalyst, prepared from MgO and CeO₂ by the sol-gel method, is a very active and selective catalyst towards N₂ formation in the whole 100–400 °C range. This catalyst appears to be the most active, selective and stable one ever reported in the literature for the NO/H₂/O₂ reaction, even in the presence of 5%v H₂O or 20 ppmv of SO₂ in the feed stream.Selected article from the Regional Symposium on Chemistry and Environment, Krusevac, Serbia, June 2003, organised by Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic.     

Geochemical Characteristics of the Acid Mine Drainage in the Water System in the Vicinity of the Dogye Coal Mine in Korea

This study investigated geochemical characteristics of the acid mine drainage (AMD) discharged from the abandoned mine adits in the vicinity of the Dogye coal mine in Korea. Acid mine drainage discharged from Jeoncha pit adit of the Dogye coal mine, which is the main source of the AMD in the study area, had a pH value of 3.0 and concentrations of 2148mg SO₄ ^2– L^–1, 229mg Fe L^–1, 71mg A1 L^–1 and 11mg Mn L^–1. The reduction of some metal concentrations downstream from the discharge point could be explained on the basis of dilution and precipitation. The order of removal of metal ions downstream from the discharge point was Fe>A1, Cu>Zn, Mn. Acidity could be used as a good determining factor offering comprehensive and quantitative values for the polluting extent of acid mine drainage. The acidities existing in all acidic water samples in the Gunahan district originated primarily from mineral acidity, especially in the upper Nahan Creek from dissolved Fe and Al and in the middle and down Nahan Creek from dissolved Al. From the application of the WATEQ4F program, it was determined that predominant species of dissolved Fe in all water samples was Fe²⁺, and those of dissolved Al were AlSO₄ ⁺ and Al³⁺ except for IW2 sample which was associated with white precipitates. The species of dissolved Al in IW2 sample include also AlOH²⁺ and Al(OH)₂ ⁺. The saturation indices of goethite and haematite were positive in the water samples associated with ochrous precipitates (usually called Yellow Boy), therefore these solids might be precipitated. For the IW2 sample, the saturation indices of amorphous Al(OH)₃ and gibbsite were positive, so theoretically these solids might also be precipitated. By XRD analysis, it was found that goethite occurs in ochrous precipitates, and gibbsite in white precipitates.     

Environmental Impacts of a Secondary Lead Smelter in Landskrona, Southern Sweden

Scandinavia has one secondary lead smelter that recycles lead from approximately 85% of used car batteries in Scandinavia and which has been active since the 1940s. The smelter, situated in Landskrona, has undergone a comprehensive clean up programme during the last decade, during which time production has doubled, while at the same time discharges of dust and lead to the atmosphere have decreased.Top and depth soil samples were taken on a 0.5km×0.5Km grid throughout the city of Landskrona, which covers an area of approximately 15km². Samples were analysed by ICPAES for a number of elements including Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, As, Sb and Hg. Road dust samples from selected sites were collected and similarly analysed. Blood samples were taken from 37 volunteer schoolchildren (aged 8–11) from two schools in Landskrona. House dust samples were taken from each child's home. Soil samples were taken from homes which had gardens, public and school play areas. Elevated heavy metal concentrations were found in close proximity to the secondary lead smelter, and this soil enrichment influences the whole of the town, modified to some extent by the prevailing wind. The smelter does not influence the soil lead concentration at distances greater than 3.5km, where the soil reflects the background value for the area.Road dust samples also show decreases in lead concentrations with distance from the smelter. The average level of lead in house dust was considerably lower than that found in Birmingham, UK. Blood lead levels in the child population ranged from 1.5–5.1gdl^–1, with a mean of 3.05gdl^–1, showing a distinct decrease from those measured in 1978–82. No significant difference in blood lead concentrations with distance of the home from the smelter, nor between attenders at the two schools was revealed in the limited number of children studied.     

电絮凝-过滤法去除源水中微量有机物

利用电絮凝-过滤法进行了源水中有机物去除的实验研究,探讨了电流密度、电解时间和pH值等因素对源水中TOC去除效果的影响。结果表明,在电极间距1.0cm,电流密度47.2 A/m2,初始TOC浓度为12.4mg/L时,反应12min后,出水浓度为3.60mg/L,TOC去除率可达71%。表明电絮凝法可有效去除源水中微量有机物。其去除机理包括电絮凝、电化学氧化和还原以及电气浮等。     

几种螯合剂对污染土壤的重金属提取效率的研究

在Cd,Pb污染的土壤上,采用批提取实验(batchexperiment),研究了几种螯合剂和不同的水土比对重金属提取效率的影响。结果表明:螯合剂对Cd的提取效率随着各淋洗剂浓度的提高而逐渐提高,相同浓度下各淋洗剂的提取效率大小顺序依次为EDTA>DTPA>NTA>PA>CA>CD>HCl。随水土比提高,相应的提取效率也提高。几种淋洗剂中只有EDTA对Pb和Cd都能达到理想的淋洗效果。     

沈阳市蔬菜生产基地重金属污染及评价

通过对沈阳市东陵区和于洪区的蔬菜生产基地的重金属污染调查与评价 ,表明两个地区均受到Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn四种重金属不同程度的污染 ,于洪区偏于中度、重度污染 ,东陵区大部分处于轻污染级。另外 ,土壤中的重金属Cu、Pb、Cd有明显的逐年增加趋势 ,而且蔬菜大棚内土壤中的Pb、Cd含量明显高于棚外。     

高分子壳聚糖对微量金属离子的螯合作用研究

研究了壳聚糖对溶液中Mn2 + 、Fe2 + 、Cu2 + 、Zn2 + 4种常见微量金属离子的吸附作用 ,通过吸附率、溶液pH等参数 ,表征了壳聚糖的吸附能力及其对离子的选择性吸附 ,其选择性次序为 :Cu+ 2 >Zn2 + >Fe+ 2 >Mn+ 2 ,为壳聚糖处理污水中的微量金属离子作了探索。     

Rapid ecotoxicological assessment of heavy metal combined polluted soil using canonical analysis

IntroductionElevatedconcentrationofheavymetalssuchascopperandcadmiumexistinmanyagriculturalsoilsfromminingactivities(Chen ,2 0 0 0 ;Dudka ,1 997;Lambert,1 997)andfrommanagementpracticesincludingirrigationwithsewageandutilizationofsewagesludge(Clapp ,1 994) .Onceheavymetalsenteredintosoils,regardlessthesources,theywouldnotonlybeaccumulatedbyorganisms,butalsocirculateinthefoodchain (Uhlig ,2 0 0 0 ;Barcan ,1 998) .Furthermore ,theirramificationwouldberetainedinsoilecosystemwithtoxicconcentrati…     

Phytoremediation and its models for organic contaminated soils

Soil pollution has been attracting considerable public attentions over the last decades.Sorts of traditional physiochemical methods have been used to remove th organic pollutants from soils.However,the enormous costs and low efficiencies associated with these remediation technologies limit their availabilities.Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants to cleanup pollutants in soils.As overwhelmingly positive results have been shown,phytoremediation is a most economical and effective remediation technique for organic contaminated soils.In this paper phytoremediation and its models for organic contaminated soils are viewed.The mechanisms of phytoremediation mainly include the direct plant uptake of organic pollutants,degradation by plant-derived degradative enzymes,and stimulated biodegradation in plat rhizosphere.Phytoremediation efficiency is close related to physicochemical properties of organic pollutants, environmental characteristics,and plant types.It is no doubt that soil amendments such as surfactants improve the solubilities and availabilities of organic pollutants in soils.However,little information is available about effects of soil amendments on phytoremediation efficiencies.Phytoremediation models have been developed to imulate and predict the environmental behavior of organic pollutants,and progress of models is illustrated.In many ways phytoremediation is still in its initial stage,and recommendations for the future for the future research on phytoremediation are presented.     

关于水污染物排放总量的核定

系统分析了水污染物排放总量核定不同层次的信息关联和相关的特征信息间的相互关系，指出城市是最基本的总量核定对象；阐述了现行环境监测与环境管理制度对水污染物排放总量核定存在着不完全信息问题；指出环境管理部门不掌握的部分排污总量信息对总量控制整体的影响相当大，应对排污总量进行全面、科学的核定。