治理橡胶废水的活性污泥模型研究

采用模拟曝气工艺研究了活性污泥对橡胶厌氧废水的CODcr,NH3-N的降解条件，确定了最佳的曝气时间，污泥浓度及溶解氧浓度与处理效果的关系。     

高温高压高含CO2环境下两种氟橡胶密封可靠性评价

目的 研究两种氟橡胶O型圈在总压为25 MPa,CO2体积分数为5%,温度为120 ℃,液相介质Cl^?质量浓度为7000 mg/L的高温高压高含CO2工况下的密封可靠性。方法 通过高温高压釜模拟井下实际工况,采用自研橡胶O型圈密封装置实现试样的承压状态,以物理性能、腐蚀形貌和抗渗透性能为考察指标,对两种氟橡胶O型圈的耐蚀性能和密封性能进行测试评价。结果 氟硅橡胶O型圈在承压状态下腐蚀后,拉伸强度由18.1 MPa下降为13.4 MPa,拉断伸长率由172.8%下降为151.9%。AFLAS橡胶O型圈在承压状态下腐蚀后,拉伸强度由21 MPa下降为14.6 MPa,拉断伸长率由277%下降为212.3%,硬度从84HA下降为75.5HA,表面破损严重。两种橡胶O型圈抗渗透性能随压差增大、温度上升而减弱。结论 承压状态下,两种橡胶O型圈性能衰减程度低于自由状态,氟硅橡胶O型圈在承压状态下表现出更好的密封可靠性。     

某型橡胶密封圈加速贮存试验设计与实践

目的针对某型橡胶密封圈开展加速贮存试验设计,并通过试验预测产品贮存寿命。方法通过分析橡胶密封圈在贮存使用环境下的失效机理,结合橡胶材料性能老化模型,在不改变失效机理、又不增加新的失效机理的前提下,以密封圈整件作为试验对象,用加大温度应力的试验方法加速产品失效过程,根据试验结果预计正常环境应力下的产品贮存寿命。结果采用温度应力作为加速贮存应力开展密封圈加速贮存试验方案设计和验证工作,评估得到其在贮存温度为20℃的环境中,贮存寿命可以达到16.97年,置信度大于0.95。结论以密封圈整件作为试验件,采用温度应力作为贮存敏感应力开展加速贮存试验,所评估得到的贮存寿命与产品已有的自然贮存寿命结果吻合得较好,试验状态更加真实,为橡胶密封圈更换周期提供参考依据,并为密封圈贮存寿命的定量评估提供了一种参考方法。     

Rubber cultivation and sustainable development in Xishuangbanna,China

SUMMARY

Xishuangbanna in southwest China is a tropical and subtropical region with extraordinary traditional cultures and attractive landscapes. Rubber cultivation is a key production source undergoing rapid growth. It contributes substantially to improvement of the local economic situation and partially replaces traditional slash-and-burn agriculture in the uplands, but it also results in biodiversity loss and environmental degradation and disturbs the peaceful life of the indigenous people. We discuss the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) preserved in daily practices and the present types of rubber plantations and suggest the application of TEK, in particular, the indigenous land-use experience to rubber cultivation, in order to promote sustainability in local economic development and ecological well-being.     

基于加速老化和自然贮存数据的氟硅橡胶制品贮存寿命预估

目的准确评价氟硅橡胶制品的贮存寿命。方法利用G402氟硅橡胶制品自然贮存数据对加速老化试验数据进行检验。结果确认加速老化试验方法可行,数据可信,并根据加速老化试验中的模拟试验确定了贮存失效临界值。结论推测出G402氟硅橡胶制品的贮存寿命可以达到15年。     

空气涡轮制冷低温粉碎法回收废弃橡胶

利用带回冷循环的空气涡轮制冷系统，在低温条件下，将废旧橡胶进行冷冻、粉碎、制成６０目以上的精细胶粉。此法的冷冻能耗成本仅为国际上通用的液氮法的１／１０，整具工艺过程不产生二次污染，为废旧橡胶的综合利用提供了一条新途径。     

Some Rheological Properties of Latex from Parthenium argentatum Gray Compared with Latex from Hevea brasiliensis and Ficus elastica

Latex was purified from Parthenium argentatum Gray (guayule), Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg. (the Brazilian or para rubber tree), and Ficus elastica Roxb. (the Indian rubber tree) in ammonium alginate at pH 10. The rheological properties of the different latices (rubber particle suspensions) were determined and compared using flow temperature ramps. Latex from all three species became more viscous with increasing rubber particle concentration and decreasing temperature. At any particular temperature and concentration, latex from F. elastica was by far the most viscous, whereas the H. brasiliensis latex was the least viscous. In addition, the tendency for the latex to coagulate increased with increasing temperature and increasing particle concentration. F. elastica latex was highly sensitive to temperature, H. brasiliensis latex was the least sensitive, and P. argentatum latex demonstrated intermediate properties. The underlying causes of these differences in latex rheology are not clear but may partially relate to the particle size (largest in F. elastica and smallest in H. brasiliensis), the particle size distribution, and/or to the considerable differences in the biochemical components of the monolayer biomembrane that surrounds the various rubber particles. Differences in the molecular weight of the rubber contained within the rubber particles seem less likely to play a role because the particles remain intact in this study.     

VOCs治理技术及合成橡胶装置尾气VOCs治理项目进展

综述了VOCs的来源以及我国VOCs治理的相关政策法规。介绍了冷凝、吸收、吸附-脱附、膜分离、生物法、等离子体法、光催化法、热氧化法等主要的VOCs治理技术各自的特点。概述了中国石化合成橡胶装置尾气VOCs治理项目建设情况。中国石化在“十三五”期间累计投入6亿元,实施合成橡胶装置尾气治理项目14个,到“十三五”末,所有合成橡胶装置的尾气均能实现达标排放。     

氢氧化镁/红磷对硅橡胶/黏土纳米复合物阻燃性能的研究

选用甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(MVMQ)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(C16BrN)改性的蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料为原料,以氢氧化镁/微胶囊化红磷(MH/MRP)为阻燃剂,以气相法白炭黑为补强剂,用熔融共混法制备了无卤阻燃MVMQ纳米复合材料。笔者采用XRD表征制备的MVMQ/OMMT纳米复合物的结构,用机械性能测试研究气相法白炭黑和OMMT对MVMQ的协效补强作用,通过极限氧指数、UL94 V垂直燃烧法、环境扫描电镜(ESEM)和热重分析(TG)等分析测试手段研究其燃烧性能和热性能,结合材料宏观燃烧性能的改变,推断OMMT和MH/MRP对MVMQ的阻燃作用机理。     

用硅橡胶平板复合膜分离苯酚时总传质系数的影响因素

用硅橡胶平板复合膜处理高浓度含酚废水,测定了体系的总传质系数（Kov）,分析了温度、盐离子强度、跨膜压差（△p）、膜厚度对Kov的影响。实验结果表明：Kov随温度的升高而呈线性增加,传质通量与温度的关系符合Arrhenius方程;当△p〈0．1MPa时,Kov与压力无关;当△p〉0．1MPa时,压差升高可提高传质系数,但会导致膜的致密化;离子强度改变了苯酚在相间的分配系数,进而影响传质过程;膜厚度降低能有效提高膜的Kov;在膜活性皮层厚度4μm、pH12．5～13．0、温度323．15K、废水流量1205mL／min、废水中苯酚质量浓度7．78g/L、无压差和离子强度的条件下,运行8h后,Kov为16．1×10^-7m／s。