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排序方式: 共有132条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
New Fe-immobilized natural bentonite plate used as photo-Fenton catalyst for organic pollutant degradation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Novel photo-Fenton catalysts were prepared by immobilizing iron species on commercial bentonite plates via two methods: (1) ion exchange reaction (Fe3+ vs. Na+) by aqueous suspension powder-clay/FeCl3 followed by plate preparation, and (2) forced hydrolysis of Fe(NO3)3 onto a prefabricated clay plate. The last method led to a more photo-active Fe-oxide/bentonite plate. This material allowed, at a non-adjusted initial pH of 5.5 and in the presence of H2O2, the total degradation of resorcinol and 55% mineralization in 80 and 100 min of irradiation, respectively. The reached degradation percentages were correlated to the presence of dissolved iron, demonstrating that in these processes, the homogeneous photo-Fenton reactions were mainly responsible for the resorcinol elimination.Likewise, in slurry system, where clay has normally an increased surface area, there was no increase in activity because of a reduced leached iron probably due to the diminished light penetration in the suspension. Despite the lower surface area, in comparison to that of the slurry, the clay plates have the advantage, as heterogeneous photo-catalysts, that separation of the reaction media after treatment is not needed, and thus, a potential use for batch and continuous reaction systems is proposed. 相似文献
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This work focuses on the phenomenon of the immiscible two-phase flow of water and oil in saturated heterogeneous soil columns. The goal is to develop a fast and reliable method for quantifying soil heterogeneities for incorporation into the relevant capillary pressure and relative permeability functions. Such data are commonly used as input data in simulators of contaminant transport in the subsurface. Rate-controlled drainage experiments are performed on undisturbed soil columns and the transient response of the axial distribution of water saturation is determined from electrical measurements. The transient responses of the axial distribution of water saturation and total pressure drop are fitted with the multi-flowpath model (MFPM) where the pore space is regarded as a system of parallel paths of different permeability. The MFPM enables us to quantify soil heterogeneity at two scales: the micro-scale parameters describe on average the effects of pore network heterogeneities on the two-phase flow pattern; the macro-scale parameters indicate the variability of permeability at the scale of interconnected pore networks. The capillary pressure curve is consistent with that measured with mercury intrusion porosimetry over the low pressure range. The oil relative permeability increases sharply at a very low oil saturation (< 10− 3) and tends to a high end value. The water relative permeability decreases abruptly at a low oil saturation (~ 0.1), whereas the irreducible wetting phase saturation is quite high. The foregoing characteristics of the two-phase flow properties are associated with critical (preferential) flowpaths that comprise a very small percentage of the total pore volume, control the overall hydraulic conductivity, and are consistent with the very broad range of pore-length scales usually probed in soil porous matrix. 相似文献
64.
Yan Chen Weigang Wang Chaofan Lian Chao Peng Wenyu Zhang Junling Li Mingyuan Liu Bo Shi Xuefei Wang Maofa Ge 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(9):165-171
As an important indoor pollutant, nitrous acid (HONO) can contribute to the concentration of indoor OH radicals by photolysis via sunlight penetrating into indoor environments, thus affecting the indoor oxidizing capability. In order to investigate the concentration of indoor HONO and its impact factors, three different indoor environments and two different locations in urban and suburban areas were selected to monitor indoor and outdoor pollutants simultaneously, including HONO, NO, NO2, nitrogen oxides (NOx), O3, and particle mass concentration. In general, the concentration of indoor HONO was higher than that outdoors. In the urban area, indoor HONO with high average concentration (7.10 ppbV) was well-correlated with the temperature. In the suburban area, the concentration of indoor HONO was only about 1-2 ppbV, and had a good correlation with indoor relative humidity. It was mainly attributed to the heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on indoor surfaces. The sunlight penetrating into indoor environments from outside had a great influence on the concentration of indoor HONO, leading to a concentration of indoor HONO close to that outdoors. 相似文献
65.
Yang Xie Hua Zhong Zhixiong Weng Xinbiao Guo Satbyul Estella Kim Shaowei Wu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(7):90
66.
While fuzzy specialists commonly use homogeneous experts' knowledge to construct fuzzy models, it is much more difficult to deal with knowledge elicited from a heterogeneous group of experts. This issue is exemplified in the area of sustainable rangeland management (SRM). One way to deal with the diversity of opinions is to develop a fuzzy system for all experts and to combine all these, the so-called primary systems, into one multi-fuzzy model. To derive each of the primary fuzzy systems, several semi-structured interviews were held in three different areas of the Fars province in Southwest Iran using the knowledge of a group of administrative experts. To obtain the final output of the multi-fuzzy model, we applied different 'voting' methods. The first method simply uses the arithmetic average of the primary outputs as the final output of the multi-fuzzy model. This final output represents an estimation of the right rate of stocking (RRS). We also propose other (un)supervised voting methods. Most importantly, by harmonising the primary outputs such that outliers get less emphasis, we introduce an unsupervised voting method for calculating a weighted estimate of the RRS. This harmonising method is expected to provide a new useful tool for policymakers dealing with heterogenity in experts' opinions: it is especially useful where limited field data are available and one is forced to rely on experts' knowledge only. By constructing the three fuzzy models based on the elicitation of heterogeneous experts' knowledge, our study shows the multidimensional vaguenesses that exist in SRM. Finally, by comparing the final RRS with its common values, this study strongly points to the existence of overgrazing in pastures in the three regions of the Fars province in Southwest Iran. 相似文献
67.
Qifan Liu Yidan Wang Lingyan Wu Bo Jing Shengrui Tong Weigang Wang Maofa Ge 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(3):107-112
In this study, the temperature dependence of the heterogeneous uptake of acrylic acid on Arizona test dust(ATD) has been investigated within a temperature range of 255–315 K using a Knudsen cell reactor. Combined with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS) experiment, it was found that acrylic acid could adsorb on ATD via surface OH groups and convert to carboxylate on the particle surface. The kinetics study suggests that the initial true uptake coefficient(γt) of acrylic acid on ATD decreases from(4.02 ± 0.12) × 10~(-5) to(1.73 ± 0.05) × 10~/(-5)with a temperature increase from 255 to315 K. According to the temperature dependence of uptake coefficients, the enthalpy(ΔH obs)and entropy(ΔS obs) of uptake processes were determined to be-(9.60 ± 0.38) KJ/mol and-(121.55 ± 1.33) J·K/mol, respectively. The activation energy for desorption(E des) was calculated to be(14.57 ± 0.60) KJ/mol. These results indicated that the heterogeneous uptake of acrylic acid on ATD surface was sensitive to temperature. The heterogeneous uptake on ATD could affect the concentration of acrylic acid in the atmosphere, especially at low temperature. 相似文献
68.
In recent years, an increasing amount of interest has been dedicated to the synthesis and application of ZIF-67-based materials due to their exceptionally high surface area, tunable porosity, and excellent thermal and chemical stabilities. This review summarizes the latest strategies of synthesizing ZIF-67-based materials by exploring the prominent examples. Then, the recent progress in the applications of ZIF-67-based materials in heterogeneous catalysis, including catalysis of the redox reactions, addition reactions, esterification reactions, Knoevenagel con-densations, and hydrogenation–dehydrogenation reactions, has been elaborately discussed. Finally, we end this work by shedding some light on the large-scale industrial production of ZIF-67-based materials and their applications in the future. 相似文献
69.
Ruixue Wang Ning Yang Jianlong Li Li Xu Narcisse T. Tson Lin Du Wenxing Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(4):149-159
Despite the heterogeneous reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on mineral dust particles significantly affects the atmospheric environment, the effect of acidic gases on the formation of sulfite and sulfate from this reaction is not particularly clear. In this work, using the in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) technique, we employed a mineral dust particle model (CaCO3) combined with NO2 and acetic acid to investigate their effects on the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on CaCO3 particles. It was found that water vapor can promote the formation of sulfite and simulated radiation can facilitate the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. The addition of NO2 or acetic acid to the reaction system altered the production of sulfate and sulfite accordingly. There was a synergistic effect between NO2 and SO2 that promoted the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate, and a competitive effect between acetic acid and SO2 that inhibited the formation of sulfite. Moreover, light and water vapor can also affect the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 with the coexistence of multiple gases. These findings improve our understanding of the effects of organic and inorganic gases and environmental factors on the formation of sulfite and sulfate in heterogeneous reactions. 相似文献
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