矿难救生球系统在瓦斯爆炸冲击波作用下的动态响应

介绍矿难救生球系统(简称球)的原理及结构,构建巷道空间和球的分析模型,运用数值分析的方法,分别选择3种球体材料和3种球体厚度进行计算,对该系统在瓦斯爆炸冲击波作用下的动态响应进行研讨,分析冲击波作用下球表面的变形、等效应力、等效塑性应变以及球体材料、厚度等因素对球动态响应的影响。结果表明:运用数值分析的方法,可以为救生球系统设计建立一个仿真的实验环境,为优化系统设计、提高设计效率提供参考数据。     

电弧焊防触电技术探讨

从电焊机保护接地（或接零）的规则、电源线与焊钳的安全技术、控制电器的安全技术、电焊工作业中的安全保障措施等四个方面,探讨了电弧焊作业中如何防范触电事故的技术措施,实践证明,所述的安全要求和技术方法对于电弧焊作业的安全管理和安全生产具有很高的实用价值。     

About stability of the ignition process of small solid particle

The distributed mathematical model of magnesium particle ignition is developed taking into account the heterogeneous chemical reaction and the domain of particle thermal influence on gas. The problem solvability in the stationary case has allowed one to expand classification of regular modes of heating as well as the modes of extinction and ignition of a particle. The limiting size of a gas layer near a particle is found that determines an ignition mode. It is shown that the ignition delay time grows if we take into account the gas layer near the particle. Stability of some heating modes within the framework of finite and infinitesimal perturbations is studied. An opportunity to control the ignition process by high-frequency thermal action on the unstable particle gas states is shown.     

冷激波灭火弹的灭火机理及应用研究

为了提高消防人员的安全,突破现有消防条件的限制,实施远程控火、灭火,本文提出一种新的灭火装置:冷激波灭火弹--爆炸冲击波与灭火介质相互作用破坏火场稳定燃烧条件,从而实现控火、灭火的目的.本文从理论方面介绍了冷激波灭火弹的灭火机理,并辅以相应的实验验证了冷激波灭火弹灭火的可行性、实用性.     

多组分细水雾对乙醇汽油的灭火效能研究

分析了细水雾灭火时液滴的吸热蒸发过程和汽油与乙醇汽油的燃烧特性，进行了汽油、乙醇在封闭空间内从燃烧到自行熄灭时的含氧量变化测量。进行了多组分细水雾与细水雾的灭火性能比较，和用多组分细水雾对汽油火、乙醇汽油火的灭火性能试验。研究表明，多组分细水雾比普通细水雾具有更好的灭火效果，乙醇汽油火的灭火难度要比汽油火的大，多组分细水雾用于乙醇汽油场合灭火时，其灭火工作压力要大于用于汽油的场合。     

Aggression and submission reflect reproductive conflict between females in cooperatively breeding meerkats Suricata suricatta

In many cooperatively breeding species, dominant females suppress reproduction in subordinates. Although it is commonly assumed that aggression from dominant females plays a role in reproductive suppression, little is known about the distribution of aggressive interactions. Here, we investigate the distribution of aggressive and submissive interactions among female meerkats (Suricata suricatta). In this species, dominant females produce more than 80% of the litters, but older subordinates occasionally breed. Dominant females commonly kill the pups of subordinates and usually evict older female subordinates from the group 1–3 weeks before the birth of the dominant female's litter. The aggression frequency of the dominant female toward subordinates and the submission frequency that each subordinate female showed to the dominant female increased as the age of the subordinate female increased and as the birth of the dominant female's pups approached. Moreover, as birth approached, both of these behaviors intensified more quickly between the dominant female and older subordinates than between the dominant female and younger subordinates. The aggression frequency of the dominant female toward each subordinate female predicted whether that subordinate female was evicted from the group; the submission frequency by each subordinate female predicted the timing of their eviction during the pregnancy period of the dominant female. These results support the idea that conflict between dominant and subordinate females increases with the age of subordinates and, since older subordinate females are most likely to reproduce, suggest that dominant females may less easily control reproductive attempts by older subordinate females.     

凝聚态爆炸危险源外壳对爆炸冲击波影响的研究

容器中或储罐凝聚态化学危险品爆炸事故时有发生,容器或储罐壁的厚度对事故后果是否有影响,有什么影响,笔者利用非线性动力学有限元程序ANSYS/LS-DYNA,通过数值计算,研究了开阔空间带壳凝聚态爆炸危险源在空气中爆炸时,外壳厚度对爆炸应力波强度的影响。研究结果表明:易爆危险源壳体厚度的变化对爆炸冲击波的传播特性有显著影响。带壳易爆危险源爆炸作用场中的应力波峰值随距离的衰减指数与易爆危险源壳体厚度成线性关系,壳体越厚,衰减指数越大,应力波峰值随距离衰减越快。该结果为预测凝聚态易爆危险源爆炸事故后果,制定应急预案提供了科学依据。     

燃油箱填充用防火抑爆网状泡沫材料

网状聚氨酯泡沫材料具有97%以上的孔隙、优良的机械性能和极强的抑制爆炸连锁反应扩大和缓和燃油冲击晃动等特性.本文就这类网状材料的结构、性能和防火抑爆机理进行分析和研究,并简要介绍了这类材料的使用情况.     

Influence of non-reactive particle cloud on heterogeneous detonation propagation

An interaction of a detonation wave propagating in the cellular detonation mode with a cloud of inert particles is investigated numerically. The analysis of results allows the regimes of propagation of the heterogeneous plane Chapman–Jouguet and cellular detonations and their suppression to be identified. The influence of various parameters of the inert cloud is demonstrated. The critical length of the cloud sufficient for detonation suppression is determined. It is shown that the disperse composition and the nonuniform distribution of particles in the cloud are important parameters affecting the detonation propagation mode.     

Nano Fe2O3 embedded in montmorillonite with citric acid enhanced photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles towards diethyl phthalate

Nano-Fe₂O₃ embedded in montmorillonite particles (Fe-Mt) were prepared to degrade diethyl phthalate (DEP) with citric acid (CA) under xenon light irradiation. Compared to pristine montmorillonite (Na-Mt), the embedding process increased 14.5-fold of iron content and 1.8-fold of specific surface area. The synthesized Fe-Mt have more oxygen vacancies than Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles (nFe₂O₃), which could induce more reactive oxygen species (ROSs) generation in the presence of CA under xenon lamp irradiation. Fe-Mt with CA enhanced photo-assisted degradation of DEP 2.5 times as compared to nFe₂O₃ with CA. Quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and identification of products confirmed that surface-bound ?OH was the main radical to degrade DEP. Common anions (i.e., NO₃^?, CO₃^2?, Cl^?) and humic acid could compete ?OH with DEP and cause slower degradation of DEP. The removal efficiency of DEP was more than 56% with Fe-Mt after three recycles, and the dissolved Fe concentration from Fe-Mt was below 75 μmol/L, indicating Fe-Mt had a good stability as a catalyst. Fe-Mt together with CA appeared to be a promising strategy to remove organic pollutants in surface water, or topsoil under solar irradiation.