三峡中坝遗址剖面中汞的地球化学特征和影响因素分析

长江三峡中坝遗址是我国目前仅有、世界上也罕见的"通史式"遗址。它不仅蕴藏着大量的文化内涵,而且包含着极其丰富的自然环境演变信息。我们对遗址剖面地层中汞的含量和垂直分布变化进行了测试和分析,发现该剖面地层中汞含量高,这与遗址沉积物中硫含量高、复杂的区域地质构造条件以及频繁的人类活动有关。同时发现,汞含量在地层中呈垂直波动变化,这反映了该地区人类生产活动、气候条件、植被状况和剖面沉积物粒度大小等的影响,即与该地区人类活动以及自然环境演变有相当关系。遗址剖面中汞的含量变化在一定程度上记录了该地区人类活动的进程和自然环境的演变。     

新型高分子絮凝剂对水中Hg2+的去除研究

为提高含汞废水的处理效率及简化处理流程,用化学合成方法将二硫代羧基引入到聚乙烯亚胺中,制备出一种新型高分子絮凝剂聚乙烯亚胺基黄原酸钠(PEX)。考察了絮凝剂投加量、水样初始pH值对PEX去除Hg2+效果的影响,并研究了水样中存在无机阳离子(Na+、Ca2+、Fe3+)、含浊物质时,PEX对Hg2+的捕集性能。结果表明,该絮凝剂对Hg2+具有很好的捕集效果,当PEX投加量为6.6 mg/L时,Hg2+的去除率达到最大值(96.1%)。pH值为2.0~5.0时,PEX对Hg2+的捕集能力随着水样初始pH值的增大而增强,在其等电点pH=3.0时,Hg2+的去除率最低,仅为35.3%。水样中存在一定质量浓度(50 mg/L)Na+、Ca2+、Fe3+时,会促进Hg2+的去除;而含浊物质(77.0NTU)的存在会对Hg2+的去除起一定的抑制作用,加大PEX的投加量,此抑制作用会减弱,而体系中的浊度会明显降低。     

改性镍铝催化剂氧化零价汞及抗氨干扰机理

采用尿素水解法制备NiAlO和NiAlMO(M=Zn、Ba、Mn、La、Cr)催化剂用于Hg0催化氧化研究.结果表明,在NH3存在时,NiAlZnO催化剂展现出最好的Hg0氧化活性,250℃时Hg0的转化率超过80％,并在350℃达到最高(90％).Raman和XPS结果显示,Zn掺杂构成Ni-O-Zn固溶体,引起Ni...     

污泥基生物炭的制备及其对Hg~(2+)的吸附

在添加乙酸钾的条件下将污泥低温热解制备出污泥基生物炭,并将其用于溶液中Hg~(2+)的吸附,考察了Hg~(2+)吸附效果的影响因素,并对吸附机理进行了分析。表征结果显示:热解对污泥有一定的造孔作用,而乙酸钾对孔隙结构的形成影响更大。实验结果表明:在吸附温度为25℃、溶液p H为6、初始Hg~(2+)质量浓度为15 mg/L、污泥基生物炭投加量为6 g/L的条件下,吸附24 h时的Hg~(2+)去除率达97.08%;污泥基生物炭对Hg~(2+)的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附行为符合Lagergren准二级动力学方程。     

生活垃圾焚烧烟气Hg浓度空间分布及健康风险评估

生活垃圾焚烧的大气Hg排放所带来的人体健康风险一直倍受社会关注。依据上海市DB 31/768—2013《生活垃圾焚烧大气污染物排放标准》中Hg的排放速率限值,采用AERMOD对上海市某生活垃圾焚烧厂排入大气的Hg浓度分布进行计算并借助VOXLER实现三维化空间分布模拟,进而利用健康风险评估模型计算当地居民面临的健康风险,并借助不确定性分析方法—Monte Carlo评估各个参数的敏感性。结果表明:宏观上,大气中Hg的浓度以排放源为中心向周边衰减,空间浓度最大值1.86×10-4mg/m3位于(-500 m,0 m,80 m)处;最大浓度点位的成人和儿童风险区间非致癌危害商值分别为0.200~0.480和0.280~0.620,不会对当地居民造成健康危害,空气吸入量和体重分别是成人和儿童Hg风险计算的主要不确定性因素。     

黄浦江上游饮用水源地水及沉积物中汞、砷的分布特征

对黄浦江上游饮用水源地水及沉积物中Hg、As的含量及分布进行了调查研究.结果表明,水中Hg、As的浓度范围分别为0.0407～0 2287μg·L-1、0.6087～5.2667μg·L-1,平均值分别为0.1492μg·L-1、2.7442μg·L-1;与地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ类水标准相比,83.3%的样点Hg浓度超标,As未出现超标现象.沉积物中Hg、As的含量范围分别为0.0479～0.4169mg·kg-1、4.84～9.01mg·kg-1,平均值分别为0.1488 mg·kg-1、6.59mg·kg-1;57.1%的样点Hg含量超过了上海市土壤背景值,As含量未超标.从空间分布来看,位于工业园区河流的采样点及河流入江口的采样点水体中Hg、As浓度较高.沉积物对Hg、As的浓缩系数分别位于209～2361、1113～11171之间.沉积物中Hg、As的含量均与有机碳含量成显著正相关关系,表明本研究区域沉积物中有机碳是Hg、As含量的主要影响因子.根据Hg、As的分布特征,推断黄浦江上游饮用水源地Hg、As的污染源主要包括工业污染源、农业污染源、生活污水垃圾、上游来水、河流沉积物的二次污染、来往船只污染物的排放等.     

水体中形态汞的分析

分析了天然水体中汞的存在形态,介绍了汞的分离富集技术,评述了汞的各种测定方法。     

砷、汞、镉质控混合水样的配制

本文讨论了质控混合水样的配制方法,叙述了质控样品的均匀性、稳定性试验及定值的原则和方法,详实地列出了有关统计检验方法。在现有实验室条件下,可以配制出满足监测工作需要的质量控制样品。     

高锰酸钾─硫酸─过硫酸钾消化冷原子荧光法测定总悬浮颗粒物中痕量汞

测定环境大气悬浮颗粒物中痕量汞，用４种消化液进行对比实验，其中高锰酸钾─硫酸─过硫酸钾混合液消化效果较好，用冷原子荧光测定操作简便，检测下限为０．０５μｇ／Ｌ，重复测定９个实际样品，相对标准偏差为１１．６％，变异系数为１０．４％，添加汞标准回收率为１０２％。     

A Simple Field Method to Determine Mercury Volatilization from Soils (3 pp)

Background Estimations of gaseous mercury volatilization from soils are often complex, stationary and expensive. Our objective was to develop a mobile and more simple, easy to handle and more cost-effective field method allowing rapid estimates of potential Hg emissions from soils. Methods. The study site is located in Germany, about 100 kilometers south-westerly of Berlin and influenced by the river Elbe and its tributary Saale river. The site is representative for a lot of other floodplain locations at the river Elbe and highly polluted with Hg and other heavy metals. For our study we developed a system consisting of a glass chamber gas, two gold traps, a battery operated pump and a gas meter. Adsorbed total gaseous mercury (TGM) in the gold traps was determined by use of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results and Discussion. In contrast to the common used flux chambers we designed a chamber without inlet and named it gas suck up chamber (GSC). TGM fluxes determined with the GSC showed a very close linear correlation (r = 0.993) between the TGM content in the gold traps and the corresponding pumped gas volume. The TGM adsorbed, increased proportional with increasing gas volume indicating homogenous concentrations of gaseous mercury in the soil air sucked. In contrast to the commonly used dynamic flux chamber with the aim of precisely measuring actual fluxes of Hg from a defined soil area, we focused on developing of a measurement system which will allow rapid estimates of potential Hg emissions of a site. Earlier research at the study site indicated a high potential for releasing volatile Hg from the soil to the atmosphere. Indeed, due to the high Hg content of the soil significant amounts of TGM could be detected and no shortage was reached. Conclusion. Our initial measurements are still too few in number neither to generalize the achieved results nor discuss controlling factors and processes. However, we are pleased to communicate that the developed GSC is well suited to become an effective sampling set up to rapidly estimate the magnitude of Hg volatilization from soils. Outlook. Further measurements at other polluted locations are necessary to verify the GSC method. In addition the use of a mercury analyzer instead of gold traps is planned for faster risk assessments.