Hg、Cd对莼菜越冬芽光合膜光化学活性及多肽组分的影响

研究了重金属Ｈｇ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋对水生植物莼菜越冬芽光合膜叶绿素含量、多肽组分及光化学特性的影响。实验结果表明，经１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度Ｈｇ＾２＋处理后，叶片光合膜叶绿素含量、叶绿素ａ／ｂ值、室温吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱、光系统电子传递活性呈下降趋势；当Ｈｇ＾２＋处理浓度超过２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，叶片光合膜叶绿素含量及其它化光学活性显下降，光合膜多肽组分也产生降解。茎光合膜对Ｈｇ＾２＋的敏感程度比叶片低     

广州市蔬菜地土壤-蔬菜中重金属Hg的含量及变化趋势

测定了95份土壤样品、94份水样以及292份蔬菜样品中汞的含量,探讨了广州市蔬菜地土壤-蔬菜中重金属Hg污染状况.发现蔬菜中的Hg含量与土壤中的Hg含量较为密切.广州市土壤、蔬菜中Hg的含量水平均比过去大幅度降低.蔬菜中Hg含量与其它城市比较,污染情况较轻,处于其它城市的中低水平.     

改性SCR催化剂对燃煤电厂烟气中汞的催化氧化研究进展

针对燃煤电厂烟气中的单质汞(Hg ⁰)氧化技术,综述了改性SCR(选择性催化还原法)催化剂对Hg ⁰催化氧化的研究进展,着重阐述了金属氧化物及氯化物掺杂对改性SCR催化剂催化氧化Hg ⁰性能的影响;探讨了改性物质、掺杂比、烟气组分、温度等对各改性SCR催化剂催化氧化Hg ⁰性能的影响;从掺杂元素和烟气气氛两方面综合分析了改性SCR催化剂催化氧化Hg ⁰的异相反应机理。结合目前研究中存在的问题,提出改性SCR催化剂今后的研究方向,并对试验手段提出建议。     

Mercury contamination in vicinity of secondary copper smelters in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province, China: Levels and contamination in topsoils

In the present study, we aim to investigate the extent of soil contamination by Hg, particularly by anthropogenic Hg, and tentatively estimate the total Hg (Hg_T) accumulation in topsoils (0-15 cm) in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province—a secondary Cu smelter of China. The results show that the levels of soil Hg in the vicinity of the smelters have been substantially elevated following local smelting activities. The spatial distribution of soil Hg in this area reveals a rapid decrease as the distance from the smelter reaches 1.5 km, which is probably due to the quick deposition process of particulate Hg and reactive gaseous Hg emitted from the smelters. The total accumulation of Hg_T in the topsoils of the study area of 10.9 km² is approximately 365-561 kg and of which 346-543 kg might be contributed by anthropogenic emission alone with an annual emission of 17.3-27.2 kg Hg to the topsoils.     

活性焦配方型吸附剂脱除模拟烟气中Hg0

通过固定床实验系统进行模拟烟气脱除Hg0的实验,研究了（V2O5-WO3/TiO2）SCR催化剂、活性焦、磁性载银沸石（MagZ-Ag0）在不同温度下对模拟烟气中Hg0的脱除效果,并对比研究了活性焦-磁性载银沸石配方型吸附剂及负载SCR催化剂配方型吸附剂对模拟烟气中Hg0的脱除性能。结果表明,纯N2气氛下,单一吸附剂随着温度升高,Hg0的脱除效率降低,温度由25℃上升到200℃,最高脱除效率由60%下降到40%;质量配比为3：1的负载SCR催化剂的配方型吸附剂对Hg0的脱除效率最高,虽没有明显提高Hg0的最高脱除效率,但其达到75%的穿透率的穿透时间比单一吸附剂时间更长,提高了Hg0的脱除效率。     

Assessment of non-invasive techniques for monitoring mercury concentrations in species of Amazon turtles

This study determined the concentrations of mercury (Hg) in four tissues of six species of turtles from the Rio Negro in the Amazon Basin. For two species, blood and carapace tissues were correlated with concentrations in internal tissues to establish whether blood or carapace could serve as a non-lethal indicator of internal metal exposure or body burden. The four tissues’ Hg levels were also correlated to turtle size and gender. The liver in five species of turtles had the highest concentration, followed by carapace, muscle, and blood. The exception was Chelus fimbriatus, which had a higher metal concentration in the muscle than carapace. Regarding the correlation between total Hg concentrations in tissues of the two species, no significant correlation was noted for Podocnemis erythrocephala. However, for Podocnemis sextuberculata significant correlation was found between muscle?×?liver, muscle?×?blood, and liver?×?blood. For P. erythrocephala, there was a correlation between Hg concentration in carapace and turtle size. For P. sextuberculata, there was no marked correlation between Hg concentration and size, but concentration in muscle was significantly influenced by gender. The patterns of Hg accumulation in tissues of the five species followed those described for freshwater species and some species of sea turtles. The difference in C. fimbriatus may be a result of a different pattern of non-living keratin layers on the carapace tissue. The use of carapace to infer internal concentrations of Hg is common in freshwater and sea turtles, but in this study it was found that only blood might be a reliable indicator of Hg concentrations in liver and muscle tissues for P. sextuberculata. Thus blood may be used as a non-invasive method to study concentrations of Hg in liver and muscle of P. sextuberculata.     

烟气中汞现场监测氧化吸收条件优化研究

以高锰酸钾溶液作为烟气中汞元素的氧化吸收液,通过单因素试验研究了氧化吸收液浓度、反应时间、初始汞浓度、反应温度、pH值对KMnO4对HHg0吸收效率的影响,阐明方法适应性,并将现行采样方法进一步优化.结果 表明,15min后,氧化吸收基本平衡,KMnO4浓度为5mmol/L,反应温度为60℃时KMnO4氧化吸收最佳.强...     

巯基树脂的合成及对Hg2+的吸附特征

使用聚苯乙烯交联微球为前驱体,经一系列反应合成了一种苯环上含巯基的离子交换树脂(巯基树脂),研究了其对水中Hg2+的吸附特征. 巯基树脂的红外与元素分析结果表明,巯基官能团成功地嫁接到树脂表面,树脂中b(巯基)为2.89 mmol/g. pH对吸附的影响较大,当pH为1时,巯基树脂对Hg2+的吸附量很低,因此,可以用酸洗树脂使其再生. 当pH为2～7时,巯基树脂对Hg2+的吸附量相差不大. 巯基树脂对水中Hg2+的吸附等温线结果表明,温度的升高有利于吸附,吸附量高达14.500 mg/g,且符合Langmuir模型. Hg2+在巯基树脂上的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,对于初始ρ(Hg2+)为1 mg/L的溶液,吸附后最终ρ(Hg2+)可降到0.003 mg/L.      

Hg2+、Cd2+及其复合胁迫对伊乐藻的毒害

利用水生微宇宙系统研究了不同浓度的Hg2 、Cd2 单一及复合处理对伊乐藻可溶性蛋白质浓度、叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b比值,以及生产力和呼吸作用的影响.可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素含量在低浓度胁迫时(Hg2 ≤2.5μmol/L,Cd2 ≤10μmol/L,Hg2 Cd2 ≤1.25μmol/LHg2 5μmol/LCd2 )略有升高,之后随胁迫的增强而持续下降,两者呈负相关;叶绿素a/b比值、净生产力、呼吸强度随离子浓度增加不断下降,除呼吸强度外,两者也呈负相关.Hg2 对伊乐藻的毒性是Cd2 的4倍左右(以摩尔浓度计).两者共同作用时,对可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量以及净生产力的影响有协同效应,对呼吸作用的影响有相加效应.     

Long-term Hg pollution induced Hg tolerance in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea)

The aim of our work was to assess the pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) of isopod gut microbiota and pollution-induced isopod population tolerance (PIPT). Animals collected from a chronically Hg polluted and an unpolluted location were exposed for 14 days to 10microg Hg/g dry food under laboratory conditions. The lysosomal membrane stability, hepatopancreas epithelium thickness, feeding activity and animal bacterial gut microbiota composition were determined. The results confirm the hypothesis that the response to short-term Hg exposure differs for animals from the Hg polluted and the unpolluted field locations. The animals and their gut microbiota from the Hg polluted location were less affected by Hg in a short-term feeding experiment than those from the unpolluted environment. We discuss the pollution-induced population tolerance of isopods and their gut microbiota as a measure of effects of long-term environmental pollution. The ecological consequences of such phenomena are also discussed.