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411.
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从哈尔滨制药总厂的青霉素发酵药渣中富集筛选出6株青霉素耐受菌株,经驯化后,采用高效液相色谱法检验其对青霉素的降解效率,经比较得到一株青霉素高效降解菌株,编号为JZ6。青霉素浓度300 mg/L,30℃,p H6.7,121 r/min条件下恒温震荡培养24 h后,在青霉素做唯一碳源情况下,青霉素几乎不被降解,外加碳氮源后降解率可达到99.98%。对其进行电镜扫描和16SrDNA序列分析,鉴定其属于洋葱伯克霍尔德菌属(Burkholderia cenocepacia),16SrDNA序列长度为1451bp,在Gen Bank登录号为KF826288。 相似文献
413.
Chunmei Gong Jiajia Wang Congxia Hu Junhui Wang Pengbo Ning Juan Bai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(8):184-196
C4 plants possess better drought tolerance than C3 plants. However, Hedysarum scoparium, a C3 species, is dominant and widely distributed in the desert areas of northwestern China due to its strong drought tolerance. This study compared it with Haloxylon ammodendron, a C4 species, regarding the interactive effects of drought stress and different leaf–air vapor pressure deficits. Variables of interest included gas exchange, the activity levels of key C4 photosynthetic enzymes, and cellular anatomy. In both species, gas exchange parameters were more sensitive to high vapor pressure deficit than to strong water stress, and the net CO2 assimilation rate (An) was enhanced as vapor pressure deficits increased. A close relationship between An and stomatal conductance (gs) suggested that the species shared a similar response mechanism. In H. ammodendron, the activity levels of key C4 enzymes were higher, including those of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-malate enzyme (NADP-ME), whereas in H. scoparium, the activity level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-malate enzyme (NAD-ME) was higher. Meanwhile, H. scoparium utilized adaptive structural features, including a larger relative vessel area and a shorter distance from vein to stomata, which facilitated the movement of water. These findings implied that some C4 biochemical pathways were present in H. scoparium to respond to environmental challenges. 相似文献
414.
含硫气田在天然气开采、管道批处理、气田污水处理过程中,由于高压气流携带井底岩屑、单质硫析出、工艺添加的化学药剂反应产生沉淀物等因素,会产生一些成分复杂、有恶臭气味的固态物质,统称为采气污泥,影响生产安全和工艺参数调配,需要及时清理并无害化处置。结合固废减量化、无害化、资源化的处置原则,立足于企业自行处置的目的,本文就含硫气田采气污泥特性以及无害化处理的方法进行研究,对处理效果进行了分析,对废物综合利用进行了有益的尝试,为今后含硫气田污泥处理提供了一条可借鉴的思路。 相似文献
415.
整理和分析兴济1井的静水位观测以来的水位和气压观测资料,发现该井水位线性下降趋势明显,存在峰谷形式的年变周期,滑动速度分析显示出一定的异常信息;数据散点图显示水位观测结果受固体潮影响大,滑动分析显示固体潮规律畸变时可能存在前兆信息;主要的异常前兆表现形式为水位的下降方向脉冲,可能与井址附近区域或者井址北东方向的天津和唐山老震区相关断裂带上的地震活动有关. 相似文献
416.
417.
三峡库区库中干流及支流水体夏季二氧化碳分压及扩散通量 总被引:16,自引:10,他引:6
以三峡库区库中干流以及主要支流——梅溪河为研究区,于2013年5月对该区域水体中溶解二氧化碳分压(pCO2)进行了走航观测.结果表明,夏季梅溪河表层pCO2为6.8~7.5 Pa,三峡库区库中长江干流表层pCO2为201.4~210.2 Pa.在库区干、支流交汇的过渡区水体剖面上,表层水体pCO2最低为53.5 Pa,随着水深增加,pCO2急剧增大,在3 m处达到约210Pa后基本保持不变.通过计算,库区支流梅溪河和库区干流表层水体的CO2释放通量分别为-7.48 mmol·(m2·d)-1和39.58 mmol·(m2·d)-1.结果表明,库区支流梅溪河表现为大气中CO2的"汇",而库区干流表现为CO2的"源",库区干、支流水体在CO2的释放上有显著差异. 相似文献
418.
设计了球形容器内气体爆炸通过导管泄爆的试验系统,选用体积分数为10%(特殊说明除外)的甲烷和空气预混气体开展试验,研究了泄爆导管长度、容器容积、点火位置、气体体积分数、破膜压力等因素的影响。结果表明:泄爆导管越长,容器内的正压力峰值和负压力峰值越大;密闭爆炸时,球形容器的容积对爆炸压力峰值几乎无影响;不同容积球形容器内气体爆炸通过相同导管泄爆时(导管长度均为6 m,直径均为0.06 m),容积大的容器内的压力锋值为小容器压力值的3.3倍,且大容器内的压力上升速率也明显高于密闭爆炸的情况;有泄爆导管存在时,尾部点火容器内的压力峰值高于中心点火;泄爆导管的存在使得容器内的压力峰值高于直接泄爆时的压力峰值;无论有、无泄爆导管,容器内的压力峰值均随破膜压力增加而增加,但差值越来越小,说明导管的存在对容器爆炸泄爆过程的影响趋向缓和,但导管的存在总是阻碍了泄爆过程,增加了爆炸的严重程度,因此,在泄爆设计时要充分考虑导管的影响,适当提高容器自身的耐压强度。 相似文献
419.
Vertical small-scale variation in phenoxy acid herbicide degradation across a landfill leachate plume fringe was studied using laboratory degradation experiments. Sediment cores (subdivided into 5 cm segments) were collected in the aquifer and the sediment and porewater were used for microcosm experiments (50 experiments) and for determination of solid organic carbon, solid-water partitioning coefficients, specific phenoxy acid degraders and porewater chemistry. Results from a multi-level sampler installed next to the cores provided information on the plume position and oxygen concentration in the groundwater. Oxygen concentration was controlled individually in each microcosm to mimic the conditions at their corresponding depths. A highly increased degradation potential existed at the narrow plume fringe (37.7 to 38.6 masl), governed by the presence of phenoxy acids and oxygen. This resulted in the proliferation of a microbial population of specific phenoxy acid degraders, which further enhanced the degradation potential for phenoxy acids at the fringe. The results illustrate the importance of fringe degradation processes in contaminant plumes. Furthermore, they highlight the relevance of using high-resolution sampling techniques as well as controlled microcosm experiments in the assessment of the natural attenuation capacity of contaminant plumes in groundwater. 相似文献
420.
Future sustainability of the conservation management of socio-ecological landscapes is typically reliant on on-going agricultural management. Such management may be threatened by changes in the drivers of management and the fragility of the stakeholder networks that deliver management. This study examined evidence for the risk of abandonment in a series of case study high nature value (HNV) grassland sites. The work found that the motivation of farmers to participate in the conservation management was typically limited and often marginal. Landowners and conservation stakeholders who relied on partner farmers to manage such sites often struggled to recruit and retain their participation, leading to increased turnover among managing farmers and to some sites being under-managed. Primary reasons for difficulty of recruitment and farmer turnover included a lack of candidate farmers in the local landscape, and the marginal and fluctuating economics of grassland management. A trend towards greater financial incentivisation of farmers was evident, which policy-makers responsible for agri-environment schemes should note, and elsewhere some conservation organisations were seen to be bringing grassland management in-house. Farmers’ motivations to participate in conservation management of such systems may continue to weaken and abandonment may therefore become a significant risk to the successful conservation of such systems. Conservation stakeholders need to foster good relations with their farmer-manager partners and not further depress their limited motivations to participate, as well as consider carefully whether farmer stakeholders are being adequately compensated for their efforts. 相似文献