从液化石油气球罐裂纹看球罐隐患

介绍液化石油气球罐检验发现的裂纹情况,分析裂纹原因,指出裂纹本质是焊接接头氢脆裂纹,并提出防范措施。还建议尽快制定液化石油气球罐安全管理规定,以规范定期检验,消除事故隐患     

An influence of oxygen content in an oxidizing atmosphere on inhibitive action of fluorinated agents on a hydrogen flame

An experimental investigation of the influence of inhibitors of various chemical natures on flammability limits in mixtures H₂+oxidizer (O₂+N₂)–suppressant (C₂HF₅; CHF₃; C₄F₁₀; inhibitor AKM, which is a mixture of olefins) was carried out. Compositions of N₂ and O₂ with elevated (25 vol%) and reduced (15 vol%) oxygen concentrations and air were used as oxidizing atmospheres. Experiments were done at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Flammability limits were determined in a closed vessel of volume of 4.2 dm³ (internal diameter 20 cm). Mixtures were prepared immediately in the preliminary evacuated reaction vessel by partial pressures. The mixtures were ignited by an electrical spark of energy near 1 J in the center of the reaction vessel. A flame propagation was detected by a pressure transducer. Twelve flammability curves were measured, which allowed to compare effectiveness of the inhibitors at various oxygen contents in the atmosphere. A qualitative analysis of the obtained results was done, which showed an important role of an inhibitor regeneration.     

Fe^2＋—H2O2氧化法处理氨基J酸工业废水的研究

用Ｆｅ＾２＋－Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化法处理氨基Ｊ酸工业废水。结果表明,当溶液ｐＨ＝１－３,Ｈ２Ｏ２和Ｆｅ＾２＋用量分别为Ｈ２Ｏ２：Ｆｅ＾２＋１０：１,Ｈ２Ｏ２：ＣＯＤＣｒ＝２ｇ：ｇ时,Ｊ酸废水的ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率达６６．７％,氨基去除率达６８．４％。处理后的废水ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤＣｒ＝０．５,已达到生化处理的要求。该法可作为氨基Ｊ酸废水的预处理方法。     

CPC/CaO2氧缓释复合材料的制备及其释氧性能探讨

利用过氧化钙（CaO2）遇水释放氧气的特性,采用混合法将CaO2载入到磷酸钙骨水泥（CPC）中,并通过挤出-滚圆造粒方法制备出CPC/CaO2氧缓释复合材料,旨在为污染地下水的好氧生物修复技术提供一种长期、高效的供氧源。由X射线衍射（XRD）分析可知,通过固相反应制取的CPC主要成分为Ca5（PO4）3（OH）和Ca10（PO4）6（OH）2,具有较快的固化时间和固化效果;CPC/CaO2氧缓释复合材料分3个阶段进行释氧,其中2、3阶段分别符合一级和零级释氧动力学特征,且其释氧速率和释氧周期得到明显改善。本研究成果可用于实际地下水修复工程,解决污染地下水原位生物修复过程中溶解氧（DO）的输送问题。     

浸锌废水中氰化物和络合镍的处理研究与应用

电镀在表面前处理过程中产生一股浸锌废水,该浸锌废水中含有氰化物和高浓度的络合镍,采用常规的碱性氯化法难以使氰化物和镍达标;本文采用双氧水辅以硫酸铜为催化剂对某灯头电镀厂产生的浸锌废水进行处理研究。     

Total peroxides in rainwater at two mountainous sites and in Mexico City,Mexico

Rainwater samples were collected in the western sector of Mexico City (MC) and at Rancho Viejo (RV), 80 km west-south-west of MC, from 2001 to 2005, and Orizaba City (OC), about 90 km from the Gulf of Mexico, where rainwater collections were only possible on some weekends in 2001. Rainwater samples were treated in the field, and analysed by fluorescence at the laboratory. The volume-weighted mean concentration (VWMC) of H₂O₂ was 13.2 μM at RV, and 11.2 μM in MC, for the period 2001–2005. The highest VWMC was observed in OC (21.6 μM). The VWMCs for each year were 9.5, 14.4, 11.5, 16.7, and 14.3 μM at RV, and 12.2, 12.2, 14.3, 11.8, and 9.9 μM in MC, for 2001–2005, respectively. Hydrogen peroxide in rainwater correlated significantly and negatively with sulfate in both MC and RV, but not, however, in OC. This study confirmed that H₂O₂ concentration in rainwater is controlled by a complex combination of rain intensity, washout processes and in-cloud formation of H₂O₂, acting simultaneously. This was suggested by the fact that rain intensity seemed to predominate in certain rain fractions of a rain event, while washout processes seemed to predominate in other fractions of the same rain event.     

Microwave and Fenton's reagent oxidation of wastewater

We compared two H₂O₂ oxidation methods for the treatment of industrial wastewater: oxidation using Fenton's reagent [H₂O₂/Fe(II)] and microwave irradiation. Both methods were applied to the treatment of synthetic phenol solutions (100 mg L⁻¹) and of an industrial effluent containing a mixture of ionic and non-ionic surfactants at high load (20 g L⁻¹ of COD). The effects of initial pH, initial H₂O₂ concentration, Fenton catalyst amount and irradiation time were assessed. According to the oxidation of phenol, it has been found that the oxidation by Fenton's reagent is dependent on the pH, contrary to the microwave system, which is not influenced by this parameter. For both systems, a limiting amount of oxidant has been found; above this point the oxidation of phenol is not improved by a further addition of peroxide. The oxidation of the industrial surfactant effluent has only been successful with the Fenton's reagent. In this case, large amounts of ferrous ions are necessary for the precipitation of the ionic surfactants of the effluent, followed by the oxidation of the non-ionic constituents of the solution. Electronic Publication     

催化湿式氧化/过氧化法处理难降解有机物的研究进展

常规的水处理工艺成熟,运行成本低,但其对难降解有机物的处理效果差,难以满足日益严格的排放标准. 本文将催化湿式氧化法（CWAO）与催化湿式过氧化氢氧化法（CWPO）合称为催化湿式氧化/过氧化法,两者都具有效率高、占地少的显著特征,可以直接把难降解有机物分解为二氧化碳和水,已成为新的研究热点. 本文综述了催化湿式氧化/过氧化法降解有机物的原理和进展,分析了催化剂对常规湿式氧化/过氧化反应过程的加速和降解效率的影响,讨论了催化湿式氧化/过氧化技术存在的主要制约瓶颈,提出了有机物的定向调控转化和资源化是今后减污降碳的主要方向.