阻抑催化动力学光度法测定水体中的痕量镍

研究了在pH9.2硼砂介质中,镍(II)对过氧化氢氧化溴甲酚紫褪色反应具有阻抑作用,聚乙二醇-200(PEG-200)对此反应体系有活化作用,据此建立了阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量镍(II)的新方法。试验考察了反应介质种类和用量、活化剂种类和用量、反应温度、反应时间、共存组分等因素的影响,确定了最佳试验条件。该方法的测定波长为590nm;活化剂为PEG-200;反应温度为沸水浴;反应时间为14min;线性范围为1.7×10-6g/L～1.4×10-4g/L;检出限为1.7×10-6g/L。所建方法用于环境水体中痕量镍(II)的测定,最大相对标准偏差为3.27%,加标回收率为95.5%～104.5%;所建方法与火焰原子吸收光谱法进行了对比试验,方法相对误差小于6.50%。     

催化极谱法测定降水中微量过氧化氢

在０．６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸介质中,钒５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ与Ｈ２Ｏ２形成三元络合物,于０．０５Ｖ处产生一极灵敏的极谱波。过氧化氢浓度在０．０６－１７μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围内,峰电流与其含量呈良好线性关系。     

Prediction and minimization of vertical migration of DNAPLS using surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation at neutral buoyancy

Surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) had previously been thought to require a capillary barrier below the contaminated zone to prevent the vertical migration of a microemulsion containing solubilized DNAPL. This paper shows the vertical migration of the dense microemulsion is described and predicted by the value of three dimensionless scaling groups. Embedded within these scaling groups are four design parameters. The value of these parameters can be manipulated in order to reduce the amount of vertical migration anticipated for a given remediation design. Plots have been constructed that illustrate the relationship between vertical migration and the value of the scaling groups; such plots can be used to predict vertical migration and to determine appropriate screen intervals of extraction wells to ensure full capture of the contaminants. This predictive capability has been verified in laboratory experiments. Predicted migration of the microemulsion agreed within about 2% of that observed. Development of the scaling groups is presented, remediation design implications are discussed, and laboratory verification is shown. Additional discussion of the laboratory work is given in a companion paper [Kostarelos, K., Pope, G.A., Rouse, B.A., Shook, G.M., 1998. A new concept: the use of neutrally-buoyant microemulsions for DNAPL remediation, J. Contam. Hydro., this edition].     

Fe^2＋—H2O2氧化法处理氨基J酸工业废水的研究

用Ｆｅ＾２＋－Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化法处理氨基Ｊ酸工业废水。结果表明,当溶液ｐＨ＝１－３,Ｈ２Ｏ２和Ｆｅ＾２＋用量分别为Ｈ２Ｏ２：Ｆｅ＾２＋１０：１,Ｈ２Ｏ２：ＣＯＤＣｒ＝２ｇ：ｇ时,Ｊ酸废水的ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率达６６．７％,氨基去除率达６８．４％。处理后的废水ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤＣｒ＝０．５,已达到生化处理的要求。该法可作为氨基Ｊ酸废水的预处理方法。     

催化湿式过氧化氢氧化农药废水Cu-Ni-Ce/SiO2催化剂的研究

研究了Cu-Ni-Ce/SiO2催化剂的载体粒度、负载量、焙烧温度和Ce添加量等因素对催化剂活性及稳定性的影响,其最佳制备条件为:80-100目SiO2载体、4%负载量,700℃焙烧温度,0.16?添加量.利用BET比表面积、XRD和金属溶出量对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明:Cu-Ni-Ce/SiO2催化剂催化湿式过氧化氢氧化降解处理吡虫啉农药废水,在催化剂用量10g·l-1,反应温度110℃,双氧水用量为理论需用量,进水pH值为9.0,反应60min的条件下,COD去除率为88.7%,活性组分溶出量较小.     

Investigation of hydrogen generation from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Hydrogen generation from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash was investigated to understand the influences of contacting method, kinds of contact solution, liquid to solid ratio, and particle size distribution of materials. Redox properties of materials and hydrogen generation were also studied. The largest quantity of gas generated in contact with water was 29.1 ml/g-ash, most of which was hydrogen. Fluidized bed fly ash generated more gas than stoker fly ash. In order to calculate the hydrogen generation potential (the maximum quantity of gas generated in contact with water), a novel system using a Y-shaped test tube and NaOH was utilized. This method gives values which are related to the quantity of generated gas in contact with water. A relationship between the aluminum content and hydrogen generation potential was observed, especially for fluidized bed fly ash. The reducing potential of fluidized bed fly ash was higher than that of stoker fly ash. Only fluidized bed fly ash showed a positive correlation between aluminum content and reducing potential, and between reducing potential and hydrogen generation potential. These results suggest that fluidized bed fly ash contains more Al⁰ than stoker fly ash. Received: September 11, 1998 / Accepted: March 19, 1999     

过氧化氢、过碳酸钠活化过硫酸钠氧化—微生物降解联用技术修复原油污染土壤

分别以H₂O₂和Na₂CO₃·1.5H₂O₂活化Na₂S₂O₄降解原油污染土壤,考察氧化后土壤的原油降解率、pH、微生物含量以及原油组分的变化,比较两种活化剂对过硫酸钠氧化—微生物降解联用技术修复原油污染土壤效果的影响。实验结果表明：两种活化剂氧化处理7 d后的最大原油降解率分别达到42.94%和44.07%;氧化后原油组分的占比情况发生变化,w（饱和烃）增加5.28~11.93个百分点,而w（芳香烃）、w（胶质）和w（沥青质）则分别降低了0.10~2.53,2.53~3.80,0.94~3.43个百分点;添加微生物菌剂进行50 d的生物降解后,两种活化剂的最大原油降解率分别达到71.00%和75.70%,比单独微生物降解时提高了5.96~12.08个百分点。     

氧化-吸附法处理含铁废盐酸及其资源化

提出并研究了高效氧化与强化吸附相结合的含铁废酸资源化处理新工艺。系统研究了其氧化过程的适宜工艺条件并考察了吸附分离单元中的主要工艺参数对铁离子去除率的影响规律。实验结果显示,采用双氧水氧化废盐酸中Fe2+将不会引入其他污染因子,双氧水的最佳投加摩尔数为Fe2+浓度的1.2倍,氧化时间优选为2 h;氧化后的含铁废盐酸经过强碱阴离子交换树脂NDA900分离去除大部分铁离子,若采用固定床双柱串联方式运行,铁离子分离去除率可达99.9%,处理后盐酸可返回酸洗工序重复利用。吸附饱和后的树脂仅使用自来水就可以实现完全再生,再生液中三氯化铁浓度高达40~50g/L。这一工艺有望实现废盐酸及其中铁离子的综合利用,为相关行业清洁生产水平的提升提供技术支持。     

O3氧化法和O3-H2O2氧化法去除水中聚丙烯酰胺

采用O3氧化法和O3-H2O2氧化法去除水中的聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）,分别考察了反应时间、O3质量浓度、n（H2O2）∶n（O3）和溶液pH对PAM去除效果的影响。实验结果表明：O3氧化的最佳操作条件为反应时间30 min、O3质量浓度22.6 mg/L、溶液pH 8.5,O3-H2O2氧化的最佳操作条件为反应时间10 min、O3质量浓度22.6 mg/L、n（H2O2）∶n（O3）=0.1、溶液pH 8.5;在最佳操作条件下,O3氧化和O3-H2O2氧化均可有效降低PAM溶液的黏度和PAM质量浓度,但对COD的去除效果不佳,黏度可降至和蒸馏水相近,PAM的去除率可达80%以上,而COD的去除率分别约为15%和28%;O3-H2O2氧化后的PAM比O3氧化后的PAM更容易被微生物利用,两种氧化预处理方法均有利于后续的生化处理。     

Numerical estimation of photovoltaic–electrolyzer system performance on the basis of a weather database

We performed a numerical simulation to investigate the performance of a photovoltaic (PV)–electrolyzer on the basis of a simulated weather database during the summer solstice (SS), autumnal equinox (AE), and winter solstice (WS), and all year round. First, we selected a location in southern Taiwan (latitude: 22.65°N) to create a local weather simulation database that included daily solar radiation, wind speed, and ambient temperature. The I–V curves of a PV system and an electrolyzer were obtained numerically by using Simpson integration computation. Subsequently, the optimal configuration of a PV driving system comprising the electrolyzer and the PV panel was determined. The database of weather conditions was input into the numerical estimation model of the PV–electrolyzer system, and the hydrogen generation rates and hydrogen production volumes under both clear skies and changeable weather conditions were obtained.