Biological elimination of H2S and NH3 from wastegases by biofilter packed with immobilized heterotrophic bacteria

Biotreatment of various ratios of H₂S and NH₃ gas mixtures was studied using the biofilters, packed with co-immobilized cells (Arthrobacter oxydans CH8 for NH₃ and Pseudomonas putida CH11 for H₂S). Extensive tests to determine removal characteristics, removal efficiency, removal kinetics, and pressure drops of the biofilters were performed. To estimate the largest allowable inlet concentration, a prediction model was also employed. Greater than 95% and 90% removal efficiencies were observed for NH₃ and H₂S, respectively, irrespective of the ratios of H₂S and NH₃ gas mixtures. The results showed that H₂S removal of the biofilter was significantly affected by high inlet concentrations of H₂S and NH₃. As high H₂S concentration was an inhibitory substrate for the growth of heterotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, the activity of H₂S oxidation was thus inhibited. In the case of high NH₃ concentration, the poor H₂S removal efficiency might be attributed to the acidification of the biofilter. The phenomenon was caused by acidic metabolite accumulation of NH₃. Through kinetic analysis, the presence of NH₃ did not hinder the NH₃ removal, but a high H₂S concentration would result in low removal efficiency. Conversely, H₂S of adequate concentrations would favor the removal of incoming NH₃. The results also indicated that maximum inlet concentrations (model-estimated) agreed well with the experimental values for space velocities of 50–150 h⁻¹. Hence, the results would be used as the guideline for the design and operation of biofilters.     

粉煤灰-H2O2催化氧化水中对氨基苯酚的试验研究

研究了利用电厂粉煤灰作为非均相催化剂，催化H2O2氧化对氨基苯酚（PAP），讨论了各种因素对PAP去除率的影响。结果表明，在30℃，pH=1．5，H2O2和PAP的起始浓度分别为0．50mol／L和0．10mol／L，反应时间为100min，粉煤灰用量为6.0％，搅拌速度为1000r／min的条件下，粉煤灰具有良好的催化活性，能有效地催化H2O2氧化PAP，PAP的去除率可达81％左右。该法可用于预处理含PAP的工业废水。     

Thermal decomposition kinetic of liquid organic peroxides

This study demonstrates the application of isothermal calorimeter for investigating the thermal decomposition of several liquid organic peroxides, such as t-Butyl peroxy acetate (TBPA), Di-tert butyl peroxide (DTBP), and Cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). The decomposition mechanism and kinetic can be identified from case to case. TBPA and DTBP undergo first order reaction, whereas CHP occurs autocatalysis. Accurate kinetic can be assessed on the basis of discerning these various schemes of given samples. Consequently, the thermal runaway or reactive hazards potential of organic peroxides can be determined, for instance as a self accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT).     

工业废水中重金属离子的处理方法研究

采用过氧化钙沉淀法对工业废水中重金属离子锰、铜、锌、铬进行处理，研究处理剂用量、pH值和处理时间等条件对废水中重金属离子处理效果的影响，确定用过氧化钙处理工业废水中重金属离子锰、铜、锌、铬的方法和最佳条件。     

西南极南设得兰群岛纳尔逊岛冰雪的氢氧同位素组成

作者采集了西南极南设得兰群岛纳尔逊岛冰盖的冰雪样,并测得其δD和δO~(18)值分别为-67.8～-75.0‰和-8.72～-8.93‰,进而拟合出δD和δ~(18)O关系大致为δD=8δ~(18)O-1.5。本文从“大陆效应”、“温度效应”、“纬度效应”及降雪过程的同位素动力分馏等方面对所获资料作了讨论。     

Decolorization and kinetics of photo oxidizing cationic blue X-GRL by UV/H2O2 system

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脱硫化氢汽提塔塔顶腐蚀原因分析与对策

介绍了催化柴油加氢精制装置汽提塔顶冷却系统设备腐蚀的原因，并结合装置的实际情况提出了防腐措施。     

燃料电池汽车燃料储运方案经济性分析

综合案例研究结果，结合氢气、甲醇在不同储运方式时的成本，从固定设计成本、尾气排放、燃料价格、汽车造价4个方面比较了氢气、甲醇、汽油3种燃料电池汽车的经济性。结果表明：（1）直接氢燃料电池是燃料电池汽车的首选动力；（2）天然气重整制氢是目前氢燃料电池汽车获得燃料优先考虑的方式；（3）高压氢气、液氢是当前燃料电池汽车的首选燃料。     

Effect of humic acids on the Fenton degradation of phenol

We show that the degradation of phenol by Fe(III) and hydrogen peroxide is faster in the presence of humic acids. This is most likely due to faster reduction of Fe(III)-humate complexes by H₂O₂/HO₂^·/O₂^–· when compared with Fe(III)-H₂O complexes. The fact that humic acids, a major class of naturally occurring compounds, favour the Fenton reaction has great relevance in the field of water and soil decontamination, where organic compounds usually have a negative effect. Furthermore, it adds insight into the self-depuration processes of natural aquifers.     

硫酸盐还原——甲烷化两相厌氧处理工艺中的回流比研究

以硫酸盐还原—产甲烷两相厌氧新型工艺处理含高浓度硫酸盐有机废水,气提塔出水的回流比的操作选择十分关键。根据、电离平衡理论及最佳工艺条件要求(液相中的C_L(H_2S)≥208mg/L,c(S~(2-))≤500mg/L)推导出估算回流比的模型为[Bc_0(SO_4~(2-))/1500-1]/η≤R≤[Bc_0(SO_4~(2-))(1.49×10~(pH-7) 1)~(-1)/588-1]/η。以该模型为依据处理SO_4~(2-)浓度为10000mg/L合成废水时,得到总COD去除率和总硫酸盐还原率分别为92.6％和97.6％。