湿式过氧化氢氧化处理高浓度染料废水的工艺研究

采用湿式过氧化氢氧化－铁屑过滤－混凝技术处理高浓度偶氮染料废水，用难生化降解的甲基橙进行模拟试验。实验结果表明，该工艺COD和色度的去除率分别高达85％和99％。湿式过氧化氢氧化处理过程受温度、硫酸投量、Fe^2 投量、H2O2投量的影响，反应温度对COD和色度的去除率影响较大，COD去除率的增加与H2O2投量成正比，色度的去除率随COD的增高而增大。     

Remediation of sulfidic wastewater by catalytic oxidation with hydrogen peroxide

Oxidation of sulfide in aqueous solution by hydrogen peroxide was investigated in the presence of hydrated ferric oxide catalyst. The ferric oxide catalyst was synthesized by sol gel technique from ferric chloride and ammonia. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray di raction analysis, scanning electrom microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The catalyst was quite e ective in oxidizing the sulfide by hydrogen peroxide. The e ects of sulfide concentration, catalyst loading, H2O2 dosing and temperature on the kinetics of sulfide oxidation were investigated. Kinetic equations and activation energies for the catalytic oxidation reaction were calculated based on the experimental results.     

活性炭/H2O2催化氧化-絮凝法预处理化工有机废水

用活性炭作催化剂、H2O2作氧化剂催化氧化预处理高浓度化工有机废水,考察了各种因素对COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,在H2O2加入量为0．8mL／L、活性炭与H2O2质量比为0．7、废水pH为4的条件下,反应120min后,调废水pH至8,加入絮凝剂聚合氯化铝进行絮凝沉淀,废水COD去除率达70％以上,色度去除率达80％以上。通过色谱-质谱仪对处理前后废水中的有机物进行分析,初步探讨了活性炭／H2O2催化氧化-絮凝法预处理化工有机废水的作用机理。     

Quantification of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emitted from pig buildings in Korea

The aim of this field study was to determine the concentrations and emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in different types of pig buildings in Korea to allow objective comparison between pig housing types in Korea and other countries. Concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the pig buildings averaged 7.5ppm and 286.5ppb and ranged from 0.8 to 21.4ppm and from 45.8 to 1235ppb, respectively. The mean emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide per pig (normalized to 75kg liveweight) and area (m2) from pig buildings were 250.2 and 37.8mg/h/pig and 336.3 and 50.9mg/h/m2, respectively. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations and emissions were higher in the pig buildings managed with deep-pit manure systems with slats and mechanical ventilation than in other housing types.     

环境空气有组织排放H_2S和CS_2污染源的排查

采用调查和多种检测方法对有组织排放的空气恶臭的物质进行定性分析和定量监测,以证实和确认污染源。在走访受害居民和工业污染源调查的基础上,使用三点比较式嗅袋法、分光光度法、主动式吸附管热解析/GC/MS和不锈钢采样罐/GC/MS法检测空气恶臭的物质的种类和含量,并且通过自动监测仪器长期定点观测污染发生时和消除污染源后空气恶臭的物质含量的变化。结果表明,导致空气恶臭的物质为H2S和CS2,其中CS2为污染源的特征物质,相同时间和地点空气中H2S和CS2的质量浓度相关系数为0.84;污染源下风向空气中H2S含量高,年平均值为0.084mg/m3;不在下风向的空气H2S含量低;清除污染源后其下风向空气中H2S年平均值为0.008 mg/m3,空气不再恶臭。该排查方法为监控有组织排放恶臭的污染源提供了经验和实例。     

过氧化钙预处理对活性污泥脱水性能的影响机制

本研究采用过氧化钙对活性污泥进行预处理,深入分析了调理过程中污泥过滤脱水性能、絮体结构以及反应动力学的变化特性,探讨了亚铁离子协同过氧化钙处理对污泥特性的影响.结果表明,经过CaO_2处理后,污泥的过滤脱水性能先改善后恶化,当投加量(以TSS计)为20 mg·g~(-1)时,污泥的过滤脱水效果达到最佳.同时,污泥絮体结构变得疏松破碎,其上清液有机物浓度出现了明显的上升,污泥得到了有效裂解.污泥溶解反应过程遵循零级反应动力学模型,反应速率常数为15.2mg·L~(-1)·h~(-1).此外,亚铁离子和CaO_2协同处理可以进一步强化污泥中大分子有机物的裂解释放,同时,反应过程中形成铁离子的絮凝作用可以实现污泥絮体结构的重建,从而改善污泥过滤脱水性能.该研究成果为CaO_2及其联用处理技术在污泥处理过程中的应用提供了必要的理论依据.     

Evaluating the impact of sulfamethoxazole on hydrogen production during dark anaerobic sludge fermentation

● SMX promotes hydrogen production from dark anaerobic sludge fermentation. ● SMX significantly enhances the hydrolysis and acidification processes. ● SMX suppresses the methanogenesis process in order to reduce hydrogen consumption. ● SMX enhances the relative abundance of hydrogen-VFAs producers. ● SMX brings possible environmental risks due to the enrichment of ARGs. The impact of antibiotics on the environmental protection and sludge treatment fields has been widely studied. The recovery of hydrogen from waste activated sludge (WAS) has become an issue of great interest. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the impact of antibiotics present in WAS on hydrogen production during dark anaerobic fermentation. To explore the mechanisms, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was chosen as a representative antibiotic to evaluate how SMX influenced hydrogen production during dark anaerobic fermentation of WAS. The results demonstrated SMX promoted hydrogen production. With increasing additions of SMX from 0 to 500 mg/kg TSS, the cumulative hydrogen production elevated from 8.07 ± 0.37 to 11.89 ± 0.19 mL/g VSS. A modified Gompertz model further verified that both the maximum potential of hydrogen production (P_m) and the maximum rate of hydrogen production (R_m) were promoted. SMX did not affected sludge solubilization, but promoted hydrolysis and acidification processes to produce more hydrogen. Moreover, the methanogenesis process was inhibited so that hydrogen consumption was reduced. Microbial community analysis further demonstrated that the introduction of SMX improved the abundance of hydrolysis bacteria and hydrogen-volatile fatty acids (VFAs) producers. SMX synergistically influenced hydrolysis, acidification and acetogenesis to facilitate the hydrogen production.     

阳极氧化与Fenton法结合的可行性

在Ti/Sn、Sb氧化物作阳极的反应体系中,以甲基橙和刚果红为模拟污染物,用紫外光谱和TOC测试揭示了其降解历程.Ti/Sn、Sb氧化物电极具有良好的电催化活性,Na₂SO₄为电解质,电压为15V,电解24min时,0.01mmol/L的甲基橙和刚果红色度去除率达100%,色度去除能以一级反应动力学方程表征;电解5h后,TOC去除率分别为80.5%和78.6%.由于阳极电催化体系产生的S₂O₈^2-、SO₅^2-对Fenton反应有阻碍作用,所以阳极电Fenton法的运行机制并不完善.     

桐油-地沟油生物柴油混合燃料性能改善研究

为了改善生物柴油的品质,文章将桐油生物柴油和地沟油生物柴油按体积比1:1混合,评价其对生物柴油品质的影响;研究了抗氧化剂TBHQ(特丁基对苯二酚)、BHT(二叔丁基对甲酚)和BHA(丁基羟基茴香醚)对混合生物柴油氧化安定性及其它性能的影响,并考察了混合生物柴油加速氧化后过氧化值和粘度的变化。结果表明:桐油生物柴油和地沟生物柴油混合可以调和两者之间的性能,降低桐油生物柴油的粘度,提高地沟油生物柴油的低温流动性能;TBHQ抗氧化效果明显优于BHT和BHA,TBHQ能够延长混合生物柴油的氧化诱导时间且对生物柴油其他性能影响较小,当桐油生物柴油与地沟油生物柴油以1:1混合,TBHQ添加量为1%时其各项指标基本符合生物柴油国家标准;生物柴油加速氧化后粘度和过氧化值增加,TBHQ的加入减轻了氧化前后粘度的变化。     

大庆石化空气污染区树木叶片内蛋白质、核酸、游离氨基酸及过氧化物酶同工酶含量的变化

石化空气污染区树木叶片内的蛋白质、核酸、游离氨基酸及过氧化物酶同工酶含量较对照区有明显的变化,变化 幅度小的树木的抗污染能力强,变化幅度大的抗污能力弱。其中蛋白质、核酸含量表现出降低,游离氨基酸和过氧化物酶同工酶含量升高。供试的几种绿化树木抗污能力由强至弱依次为云杉、旱垂柳、中东杨、白榆、丁香、白蜡槭。