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151.
以华东某铀矿区为研究对象,利用X-Series II电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定铀矿区和对照区共114个地表水样品中放射性核素铀含量,采用单因子指数法评价放射性铀污染,以查明铀矿区地表水铀污染现状。结果表明:(1)研究区地表水铀平均含量39.89μg/L,分别是含矿未采区、江西省背景值、对照区的32.17倍、64.34倍和199.45倍;各亚区地表水的铀含量平均值从大到小顺序为:水冶场区开采矿井区废弃矿井区尾矿库区;废弃矿井区、水冶场区、开采矿井区等亚区地表水铀含量受到较强人为活动影响;(2)单因子污染指数评价结果表明各亚区地表水铀污染程度为:水冶场区开采矿井区废弃矿井区尾矿库区。其中,水冶场区、开采矿井区、废弃矿井区、尾矿库区地表水的铀污染程度均为重度污染;对照区未污染。结合研究区铀含量特征,铀矿开采、运输与选冶等实际情况,建议从改善矿石运输条件、改善废水处理设备,提高废水处理技术等方面进行地表水铀污染防治。 相似文献
152.
Hexachlorodisilane (Si2Cl6, HCDS) is an important precursor used in semiconductor device manufacturing. It is a flammable as well as a water reactive liquid which hydrolyzes rapidly upon contact with water or moisture. The hydrolyzed deposits are also known to be shock-sensitive with explosion energy equivalent to trinitrotoluene (TNT). In this work, two phases of test program including disposal of HCDS and disposal of the shock sensitive HCDS hydrolyzed deposits were conducted. The first phase of the program was to find an agent that can completely dissolve/react the HCDS vapor without forming shock sensitive deposits. The second phase of the program attempted to find a suitable agent to suppress the Si–Si bonds, one of the essential roles of chemical functional groups in shock sensitivity of the HCDS hydrolyzed deposits to suppress the shock sensitivity. A variety of agents such as sulfuric acid solutions, aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions, aqueous potassium hydroxide (KOH) solutions, KOH/alcohol solutions were utilized as the suppressants in this work. Samples mixed with suppressants were not only tested for shock sensitivity by a Fall-hammer apparatus but also analyzed for chemical functional groups to identify the effect of each agent. Concentrated sulfuric acid was found to suppress the shock sensitivity of the liquid HCDS hydrolyzed deposits by acting as a medium that helps the hydrolyzed deposit to retain moisture. KOH/alcohol solutions can turn HCDS vapor into non-hazardous silica, so that, it provided a safe way to dispose HCDS. Finally, practical recommendations about handling and eliminating the risk of shock sensitivity are given for HCDS liquid spill, HCDS vapor vent and HCDS hydrolyzed deposits. 相似文献
153.
贵州开阳磷矿洋水矿区环境地质问题分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
由于开磷矿区地处山区,矿区自然地质条件较差,地表切割强烈,沟谷纵横,加之建矿几十年的矿山开采, 尤其是近十几年来个别乡镇企业对矿山掠夺性开采,矿区引发了一系列的环境地质问题,如山体崩塌,水土大量流失、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害,本文通过对开阳磷矿洋水矿区环境地质问题及主要成因进行分析,提出因地制宜地采取有效措施控制、防止不良地质现象和地质作用的发生发展,合理地利用环境资源,加快对人为破坏活动的治理,稳步恢复区域生态系统的良性循环,以达到生态的最佳效益。 相似文献
154.
Menghan Li Yao Zhang Jiancheng Yang Xiaori Liu Zhenguo Li Qiang Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(5):157-171
Selective catalytic reduction is the most efficient and reliable equipment for NOx control in current diesel engines. However, the issue of urea crystallization becomes increasingly serious with the implement of the new emissions standards. In this paper, urea deposit samples collected from engine test bed and tube furnace were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform-infrared analysis to aid the comprehension of urea deposit formation. Moreover, thermogravimetric tests were conducted to disclose the effects of catalyst on the thermal decomposition processes of urea deposit. The results indicated that less temperature resistant species are formed in the engine test bed than in the tube furnace at conditions with the same temperatures. The main compositions in the World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC) urea deposits are urea, cyanuric acid (CYA) and ammelide, implying that accelerating the decomposition of these species could prevent the accumulation of urea deposit. CuWTi, Cuβ and CuZSM catalysts could lead to increased yield of CYA during pure urea thermolysis. Cuβ, CuWTi and VWTi catalysts tend to promote the thermolysis of CYA while VWTi has the most significant catalytic effects on the thermal decomposition of ammelide and ammeline. 相似文献
155.
复合绝缘子的积污特性与瓷绝缘子和玻璃绝缘子有所不同,研究其积污规律对防止污闪有着重要意义。为此,以3支实际运行后的±500kV直流复合绝缘子为研究对象,系统测量其沿串不同位置的污秽度,用等值盐密(ESDD)和灰密(NSDD)表征。试验发现绝缘子不同伞上下表面的等值盐密和灰密大多呈现出U形的分布规律,尤其以等值盐密的U形分布更为明显,而且不同伞上下表面污秽U形分布规律性的强弱有一定差异。讨论了积污过程中电场对污秽沉积的作用以及自清洗过程中雨水冲洗的随机作用,更好地解释了直流复合绝缘子的沿串积污规律。 相似文献
156.
157.
158.
E. Querol J.G. Torrent D. Bennett J. Gummer J.-P. Fritze 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2006,19(6):639-644
This paper reports some experimental work on hot surface ignition temperatures of dust deposits. Dust layers up to 75 mm in depth were ignited using a modified version of the standard 5 mm layer apparatus. The measured ignition temperatures show good agreement with predictions using the method given in EN 50281-2-1. Ignition temperatures of conical dust deposits over an electrically heated box were not predictable, but were not too dissimilar from the ignition temperatures of the thick layers. Both tests gave adequate reproducibility in round robin tests. Rotating steel wheels in contact, immersed in a dust deposit produce the frictional hot surfaces. A relation between the power lost by friction and the surface temperature developed has been derived. The surface temperatures leading to ignition were close to the ignition temperatures for the conical deposits on the heated box. The similarities between the ignition temperatures of dust deposits in several configurations indicate that a simple test for ignition temperature measurement could have wide application in dusty environments. 相似文献
159.
160.
康滇地轴东缘典型铅锌矿床伴生分散元素镉锗镓赋存状态与富集规律研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分散元素在自然界含量很低,以分散状态存在,很少形成独立矿物和独立矿床,因此对矿床中伴生分散元素研究有重要的理论和现实意义。本次工作通过解剖康滇地轴东缘典型铅锌矿床——四川天宝山、四川大梁子和云南会泽,利用常规显微镜观察、电子探针分析和等离子质谱分析手段,分析研究了矿床中矿物和矿石中的分散元素镉锗镓赋存状态和富集规律,总结了分散元素镉锗镓的空间分布规律:由西向东,即自天宝山到大梁子到会泽,分散元素镉锗镓的含量有富镉-富镉镓-富锗的变化规律。 相似文献