新疆乌恰地区中新生代盆地寻找热卤水成因的超大型铅锌矿床的地球化学证据

采用微量元素地球化学方法 ,系统研究了新疆乌恰中新生代沉积盆地的成矿地球化学背景、区域化探异常特征、成矿过程中元素的再分配特征等 ,认为“三色”岩层和富含Pb、Zn、Ag、Cu、Sr等成矿及伴生元素的基底是形成热卤水成因的大型—超大型铅锌矿床的物质前提。成矿过程中微量元素的再分配特征更进一步证实了本区存在大规模的热卤水活动。与金顶铅锌矿床对比 ,二者的基底都富含金属元素 ,矿石物质组分和成矿元素相同、水系沉积物异常的元素组合类似。这些特征是本区寻找热卤水成因的大型—超大型铅锌矿床的十分重要的地球化学证据。乌拉根铅锌矿床和新发现的铅锌矿化点 (带 )均有规模大、强度高的Pb、Zn、Sr组合异常与之对应 ,预示本区有良好的找矿前景     

甘肃公婆泉铜矿区生物地球化学异常特征及找矿预测模式

对比研究公婆泉铜矿生物地球化学异常与原生异常后发现 :产生生物地球化学异常的元素通常是那些在原生异常中强度高且浓度系数较大的元素 ,植物本身对元素的生理吸收特性对元素异常的形成也有重要影响。二者异常组合分带的共同特点是在矿化中心都存在Cu、(Pb)、Au、Ag异常 ,向外都存在Ba、B、As、(Sb)异常 ,最外带则都有Ti、V等异常。比较花岗闪长斑岩和英安斑岩铜矿体的生物地球化学异常 ,前者元素的种类多 ,且内带出现原生晕的中下部或尾晕元素Sn、W等 ,反映其为浅偏中等剥蚀 ;后者元素的种类少 ,内带未出现中下部或尾晕元素 ,反映其为浅剥蚀。建立的铜矿床 (体 )生物地球化学找矿预测模式能为定位预测戈壁覆盖层下的隐伏矿床 (体 )并推断其剥蚀程度和矿体规模提供重要的科学依据。     

华北平原地下热水矿床分布规律及形成

我国华北平原分布有大小不等、形状各异的地下热水矿床;赋存于石灰岩地层形成的地质构造凸起部位的地下热水富水性好,井产水量大,自喷能力强,水质好,矿化度低,温度高,具有较高的开发利用价值。华北平原地下热水的热源与第三纪侵入的火成岩无关。地下热水的补给来源是山区大气降水渗入地下经过较大的构造断裂带和碳酸盐岩地层岩溶溶洞、断裂裂隙深循环以后形成的。地下热水的温度主要取决于水循环的深度。     

长江上游及川江水系水环境中~(239)Pu的水平和分布情况

~(239)Pu是一种极毒的放射性核素,水环境,尤其是江河环境中~(239)Pu的水平与分析情况,目前在国内还未见有系统的报道,本文通过对长江的一些江段及川江水系水环境中~(239)Pu水平的分析,探讨了其分布情况及规律;并初步分析了目前长江水域中~(239)Pu的主要来源;得出了研究江段水底沉积物中~(239)Pu的沉积规律。     

长江中游现代河流沉积物磁组构参数值特征研究

对长江中游簿洲湾一带不同类型河段(平直和弯曲)、不同水文环境(高滩、低滩、心滩)沉积物磁组构参数特征的系统取样、测量和统计分析结果表明：1)平直河段沉积物的磁化率各向异性参数的K、P、F、Fs、T以及E的统计平均值均比弯曲河段处相应磁组构参数值略偏大。而q、L的统计平均值却比弯曲河段河流沉积物的相应磁组构值略偏小；2)平直河段各向异性量值椭球长轴磁偏角方向明显，其与水流作用方向具有很好的一致性。而在弯曲河段各向异性量值椭球长轴磁偏角的方向分散，反映了在弯曲河段处水流具有方向多变的特点；3)从河流高滩、低滩到心滩沉积物的磁化率各向异性参数P、F、Fs、T、E的统计平均值均具有从小逐渐变大，而磁基质颗粒度q、磁线理L却从大逐渐变小的变化趋势。这一特点与溃口、高水位时沉积环境不稳定，水流方向多变的、沉积物分选性差的特点是一致的。研究结果对研究古河道的演化、变迁、古河道的识别确定具有重要的意义。     

贵州省晴隆-安龙金矿矿山环境污染调查分析

贵州省黔西南州晴隆-安龙地区主要贵州"红土型"金矿的主要产区,也是贵州省湿法炼金的主要生产基地,区内金矿生产在一定程度上促进了当地乃至贵州省经济社会的发展,同时也对当地矿山生态环境造成了较大影响,产生很多环境地质问题,矿山矿渣、废渣等产生的环境地质问题尤为突出。为了解该地区矿山有害废物种类、含量变化范围和污染程度及分布,通过对调查区42件矿渣、废渣所含As、Sb、Hg及73件浸出液中As、Sb、Hg、CN-、S2-有害元素分析,确定晴隆、兴仁、安龙各调查区存在的主要的有害元素及污染程度,根据综合污染指数(GTi)划分出中度、轻度污染区域,提出今后该区矿山地质环境恢复治理建议和有待研究的环境地质问题。     

Droplet size spectra and deposits of two aerially sprayed Bacillus thuringiensis formulations on artificial samplers and live foliage

Abstract

Two commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (BTK), Foray^® 48B and Thuricide^® 48LV, were applied aerially over nine spray blocks in a hardwood forest in West Virginia in 1991. Droplet spectra and spray mass deposits were determined using water‐sensitive paper strips (WSPS), glass micro‐fiber filters (GMFFs), glass plates and castor oil. Mass deposits of BTK were also assessed on natural foliage by two bioassay methods, i.e., feeding of homogenized foliage containing a starch‐sucrose solution and force‐feeding bioassay of foliar extracts containing re‐dissolved protein precipitate. Deposits on canopy foliage and ground samplers were also assessed by total protein assay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Droplet spectra on the WSPS were different from those on castor oil. Droplets on horizontal ground WSPS were larger than those on vertical ground WSPS. WSPS placed at canopy level collected more droplets than those at ground level. The total protein deposits (ng/cm²) were consistently higher on all blocks than the delta‐endotoxin protein deposits. Spray mass recovery on the ground samplers were low, and ranged from 2.9 to 8.0% of the applied rates.     

Assessment of aerial spray deposits in a spruce forest using in‐flight microencapsulation technique

Abstract

Spray drops were counted and sized on Kromekote® cards at ground level, and on spruce foliage at canopy level, after aerial application of a formulation containing a microencapsulation medium, over a spruce forest in Ontario. The majority of drops (70%) on foliage was 20 ‐ 75 µm range. A coarse drop size spectrum was observed on cards with a maximum diameter (Dmax) of 380 µm, and with 85% of the drops = 130 µm in diameter. Foliar drop analysis, on the other hand, indicated a finer spectrum with a Dmax of 150 µm, and with 85% of the drops = 75 µm. These results were explained on the basis of formulation ingredients, atomizer setting, weather factors, and drop retention on target surfaces. The assessment of spray deposits on glass plates at ground level indicated that about 16% of the applied spray volume reached the forest floor, a value which is comparable to those obtained in previous forestry applications using the ultra‐low‐volume (ULV) technique.     

Mine drainage water from the Sar Cheshmeh porphyry copper mine, Kerman, IR Iran

This paper presents the results of a study on stream and mine waters in the area of one of the world largest porphyry copper deposit located in the southeastern Iran, the Sar Cheshmeh porphyry copper mine. Trace metals are present as adsorption on Fe and Mn oxide and hydroxide particles, as sulfate, simple metal ions, and scarcely as adsorption on clay particles and hydrous aluminium oxides. Mean pH decreases and the mean concentration of trace elements, EC and increases from the maximum discharge period (MXDP) during snow melt run off (May), through the moderate discharge period (MDDP; March and July) to the minimum discharge period (MNDP; September).Water samples have sulfatic character essentially, however, from the MNDP through the MDDP towards the MXDP they show a bicarbonate tendency. This study indicates that the surface waters draining the Sar Cheshmeh open pit have a higher pH and lower concentration of trace metals compared with some other porphyry copper deposits.     

Effect of additives in the Neem formulations on deposition,volatilization and persistence of Azadirachtin in spruce foliage

Abstract

Foliar deposits, volatilization and persistence of azadirachtin‐A (AZ‐A) were investigated after application of four spray mixes prepared from a wettable powder (WP) and three emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations of neem. They were applied at the dosage rate of 50 g AI in 4 L/ha onto potted spruce seedlings in a laboratory spray chamber. Droplet‐size spectra and deposits were assessed using Kromekote^® card/glass plate collection units. Foliar residues [dislodgeable residues (DR), penetrated residues (PR) and total residues (TR)] of AZ‐A and their volatilization were measured by HPLC at different intervals of time up to 60 h after treatment. Differences in the droplet‐size spectra and deposit levels were observed among the four spray mixes due to the influence of additives present in them. Dissipation half‐lives (DT₅₀) of the DR, PR and TR in the foliage were low (range, 19.5 to 38.9 h) and varied according to the residue type and the spray mix used. The DT₅₀ values of the DR were consistently lower (range, 19.5 to 31.9 h) than those of the PR (range, 30.5 to 38.9 h) due to preferential loss of the surface residues. The low DT₅₀ values observed for the DR and TR in the foliage sprayed with the WP spray mix were attributed to the particulate nature of the deposit. AZ‐A volatilized appreciably from the DR rather than from the PR. The variations found in the amounts of AZ‐A volatilized (42 to 58%) and unaccountable (38 to 46%) from the initial TR values in spruce foliage, after 60 h, were attributed to the physical form of the deposits on the target surface and the influences of additives present in the different spray mixes.