奉贤地区土壤Cu、Zn和Pb形态与其生物可利用性研究

用BCR法对上海市奉贤区土壤中Cu、Zn和Pb的金属形态进行研究,结果表明：土壤中Cu和Pb的主要形态是氧化态和残渣态,Zn的主要形态是酸溶态和还原态。风险评估指数（RAC）显示土壤中三种金属Zn和Pb的风险程度高,Cu的风险程度中等。小麦对金属吸收的试验表明植物吸收Cu、Zn和Pb的浓度大小与金属的生物有效性结果相一致。     

Salinity intrusion characteristics analysis using EFDC model in the downstream of Geum River

As social interest in the environmental conservation and ecological restoration has recently increased, more research works have been done to resolve problems concerning environmental management of estuaries. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model, Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) was used in the analysis of the salinity intrusion characteristics in the downstream of Geum River. The numerical simulation was performed to investigate the influence range for salinity intrusion when the gates were fully opened. The conditions used for simulation were the four flow regimes in Geum River Basin, Korea. Results indicated that the ranges of salinity intrusion from the barrage were 50.72 km (drought flow), 48.87 km (low flow), 46.56 km (normal flow) and 42.10 km (flood flow). These results indicated that the EFDC model used for numerical simulation has high accuracy. The result concluded in this study can be used as a basis in understanding the extent of salinity intrusion e ects at di erent flow rates.     

基于疏散模拟评估超高层建筑疏散系统安全可靠性的研究

利用计算机疏散模拟的手段,根据超高层建筑内基于国标GB50016-2014《建筑设计防火规范》要求设计的安全疏散系统,设计了合理的疏散场景,对超高层建筑内以防烟楼梯为主的安全疏散系统,进行了安全可靠性的技术分析,并针对国内消防业界对超高层建筑内增加一部疏散楼梯的强化措施的安全效益提出了探讨。     

基于解释结构模型的安全执行力分析

在对安全执行力的内涵界定的基础上,运用系统工程理论,对构成安全执行力的10个主要影响因素进行了定性和定量化处理,建立了安全执行力的6级多层递阶解释结构模型。通过分析安全执行力主要影响因素的关系结构,得到安全执行力的表层直接影响因素、中层间接影响因素和深层根本影响因素。企业的安全战略决策能力、政府安全立法和监管力度、社会对安全认知水平作为根本的影响因素,其影响是基础性的。结果表明,多层递阶解释结构模型从整体角度准确地揭示了安全执行力的主要影响因素的结构,对于深入把握安全执行力的形成、发展和演化机理有着重要的意义,是实现安全管理知识提取的有效途径。     

基于解释结构模型法的太湖水华爆发要素分析

根据太湖水华爆发特点及文献资料检索,从气象、水动力、化学和生物等4个方面筛选出太湖水华爆发的17个要素,利用解释结构模型(ISM)分析了各要素之间的直接(因果)关系和间接关系,推导出太湖水华爆发要素整体关联层次结构图,从6个层次上直观反映了水华爆发过程,从系统角度分析了水华爆发原因,为水华预防及治理提供了若干参考依据.     

土石坝振动台模型试验颗粒流数值模拟分析

目前一般采用振动台试验、离心振动台试验和有限元动力分析来获得土石坝在设计地震荷载作用下的形态和抗震性能。本文结合孔宪京等的土石坝振动台试验结果开展了颗粒流细观数值模拟研究,克服了传统连续介质力学的宏观连续性假设,形象而直观地表现出坝体在动力荷载作用下的破坏特征。数值模拟规律与振动台试验规律基本一致。同时还分析了坝体颗粒粘结强度和地震峰值加速度变化对坝体破坏特征的影响。数值结果表明,当颗粒间粘结强度较低时,表现为坝体表面颗粒的滑动破坏,粘结强度稍大时,会出现局部的小块颗粒团整体滑动破坏;随着峰值加速度的增大,坝顶沉降量在增大,坝体破坏特征不变。     

基于ISM和ANP的水库水华发生影响因素分析

为提高水库水华发生预警能力,从水华形成机理着手,引入营养盐条件、水动力条件、光热条件和浮游植物生长状况,建立水库水华发生影响因素模型.首先,基于文献研究,建立水库水华发生影响因素体系,共包含10个指标;其次,利用解释结构模型(ISM)建立水库水华发生影响因素递阶结构模型;最后采用网络层次分析法(ANP)构建权重模型,并...     

Threshold responses of Amazonian stream fishes to timing and extent of deforestation

Deforestation is a primary driver of biodiversity change through habitat loss and fragmentation. Stream biodiversity may not respond to deforestation in a simple linear relationship. Rather, threshold responses to extent and timing of deforestation may occur. Identification of critical deforestation thresholds is needed for effective conservation and management. We tested for threshold responses of fish species and functional groups to degree of watershed and riparian zone deforestation and time since impact in 75 streams in the western Brazilian Amazon. We used remote sensing to assess deforestation from 1984 to 2011. Fish assemblages were sampled with seines and dip nets in a standardized manner. Fish species (n = 84) were classified into 20 functional groups based on ecomorphological traits associated with habitat use, feeding, and locomotion. Threshold responses were quantified using threshold indicator taxa analysis. Negative threshold responses to deforestation were common and consistently occurred at very low levels of deforestation (<20%) and soon after impact (<10 years). Sensitive species were functionally unique and associated with complex habitats and structures of allochthonous origin found in forested watersheds. Positive threshold responses of species were less common and generally occurred at >70% deforestation and >10 years after impact. Findings were similar at the community level for both taxonomic and functional analyses. Because most negative threshold responses occurred at low levels of deforestation and soon after impact, even minimal change is expected to negatively affect biodiversity. Delayed positive threshold responses to extreme deforestation by a few species do not offset the loss of sensitive taxa and likely contribute to biotic homogenization.     

基于ISM二维云模型的应急管理协同度研究

为研究应急管理系统的内部结构和协同效果，基于ISM二维云模型展开应急管理协同度研究。运用结构解释模型(ISM)剖析应急管理复杂系统内部的层次关系，依据影响因素递阶层次图构建应急管理协同度评价指标体系；提出1种递阶中心度权重法用于求解各指标的权重系数，用中心度与层级系数反映各指标的重要性与结构性；将二维云模型引入到应急管理协同度研究，处理各指标预防阶段和响应阶段的模糊性与随机性问题；应用上述方法对京津冀应急管理协同度进行探索性研究，结果表明:京津冀应急管理综合协同度等级为良，3地各部门之间的横向信息沟通有待加强，需提高应急预案在响应阶段的可行性，同时加大预防阶段的科技支撑能力，研究方法和结论可为以京津冀为代表的城市群的应急管理协同水平的持续提高提供参考和借鉴。     

基于ISM-AHP的建筑施工企业安全投入结构优化研究

建筑施工企业在安全资金的投入和使用上都存在不合理的现象,为提高企业的安全管理水平,确保安全投入高效性,有必要对建筑施工企业的安全投入结构进行优化.通过调查问卷的形式调研65个建筑施工项目的安全管理人员,筛选出主要安全投入要素.然后运用解释结构模型(ISM)结合层次分析法(AHP)构建安全投入结构优化模型.并且,根据调查...