苏州河水的黑臭现象研究

通过对苏州河上海段３００ｋｍ＾２水域范围的实际观测试验，研究了苏州河出现黑臭现象的规律。讨论了河流中的有机污染物（ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ、ＮＨ３－Ｎ），溶解氧和水温对河水黑臭的影响定量关系，并应用多因子系数，建立了水质黑臭指数关系式，经过实测进行了验证，结果表明，应用所建立的黑臭指数关系式对苏州河沿程水质进行评价，其正确率可达９７％。     

Climate controls on dust storm occurrence in Maowusu Desert, Inner Mongolia, north China

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Testing the Norwegian phosphorus index at the field and subcatchment scale

Simple risk assessment tools for agricultural phosphorus (P) losses, like the P index, have been developed in the U.S.A. and in some European countries. Despite its popularity, there have been surprisingly few studies, which try to test the index close to the field scale. For Norway, the P index approach comprises the risk related to both the source of P (soil P status, amount of fertilizer and manure as well as method of application, plant P release by freezing and P balance) and the risk related to transport of P (erosion, flooding, surface runoff, contributing distance, modified connectivity, soil profile, subsurface drainage). In this paper, we have applied the Norwegian P index to farmer fields within a small agricultural catchment, the Skuterud catchment (450 ha), in southeastern Norway. The Norwegian P index was tested for two agricultural fields (0.3–0.4 ha) and nine subcatchments (6–65 ha). Total P concentrations in runoff from the 11 study areas were measured during the year from May 2001 to April 2002. Results from the testing showed that the Norwegian P index described 66% of the variation in measured relative total P concentration for fields and subcatchments included in this study. Additionally, the P index was able to detect fields and subcatchments with the highest measured P concentrations. Results also showed that the source factor contributed most to the variation between fields and hence were important for the identification of high-risk areas in Skuterud catchment. It was found that the soil P status described 66% of the variation in the source factor. Among the transport variables, it was found that both erosion risk and contributing distance had an important influence on the transport factor. Overall, the study illustrated the potential of the P index to detect areas with the highest risk of P loss.     

中国灾害学图书简索（二）

本文搜集整理了１９９０年以来国内出版的有关灾害研究方面的图书，并简要介绍了其主要内容。这对了解灾害学图书的出版状况，掌握灾害科研成果的最新动向将起到一定的作用。     

浙江省循环经济发展评价指标体系研究

近年来能源、土地及水资源短缺给浙江经济发展带来了极大的挑战,发展循环经济是实现可持续发展的重要途径.以循环经济为指导,结合浙江省循环经济发展现状,从减量化、资源化、无害化及社会经济发展四个控制层面构建浙江省循环经济发展指标体系,运用层次分析法对浙江省近8年的循环经济发展状况进行综合评价,旨在为浙江循环经济发展重点及方向提供科学依据.评价结果表明,浙江省循环经济发展水平逐年提高,呈良好发展趋势.     

Economic valuation of health impacts of air pollution in Mumbai

Air pollution leads to serious negative impacts on health. Thephysical evidence is compelling. An attempt has been made inthis paper to establish dose-response relationship of AmbientAir Quality Index and human health, based on time spent by anindividual in different microenvironments during one day.Economic valuation of morbidity and mortality has been attemptedthrough lost salary approach. The results show that theavoidance cost is 29% of the total health damage cost.     

云南中甸县Cu矿区土壤重金属污染评价

通过对矿区土壤中重金属元素Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Hg含量的测定,运用单项污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法评价了其污染现状。对位于云南中甸县雪鸡坪、春都矿区土壤重金属污染状况进行了调查研究。结果表明:矿区土壤中重金属元素污染程度有差异,从单向污染指数来看Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Zn等重金属元素污染水平为清洁。As单项污染指数变化范围为0.49~0.72,污染等级为警戒级。春都矿区中Pb的污染程度较严重,其单项污染指数大于1,已达到轻度污染水平;从内梅罗污染指数来看:春都矿区(p_n=1.12)雪鸡坪矿区(p_n=0.49),春都矿区土壤开始受到轻度污染,雪鸡坪矿区土壤为安全状态。     

番禺区可持续发展评价及其对策研究

本文通过建立番禺区可持续发展评价指标体系,运用主成份分析和独立性分析方法筛选出评价指标,确定各项指标的权重后,进行可持续发展评价.评价表明番禺区属平稳型可持续发展.通过辨析,找出制约地区发展的限制因子,提出可持续发展的对策.     

江苏省南通市区3个测点降水组分对比分析

本文系统分析了2008年度南通市区3个降水监测站位数据,用年、月均值(雨量酸雨频率为累积值)分析了测站之间的差异量,用月均值分析了测站之间的相关性,用每次降水中的PH值分析了4级PH值出现的频率。得出虹桥子站与南郊公园和交巡警支队相比,降水量分别高出337.36mm和289.78mm,酸雨频率分别高出八点八个百分点和减少零点零七个百分点,pH分别低于0.18和0.01,电导率分别低于0.43 ms/m和0.53ms/m,九项阴阳离子年均值均偏低;在50%酸性降水中,pH值分布在≤4.5的频率最高;监测站之间指标具有低度线性相关、显著性相关和高度线性相关3级。说明:降水测站之间指标数据相关性高低,与接受的大气污染物种类和数量、大气扩散条件有关。因此各降水测站酸雨程度高低,与区域大气污染源强度、大气扩散条件密切关联。