基于GIS的工业水污染调查研究——以滇池流域为例

污染源调查是在进行流域水污染控制与富营养化治理技术研究和《全国第一次污染源普查》基础上,根据调查年环境统计数据、环保局排污企业的申报登记、排污许可证发放以及重点企业抽样调查、监测数据等多源资料,对企业数量及污染排放情况进行校核,基于GIS空间分析技术,建立滇池流域工业企业污染源数据库。根据滇池流域工业产业结构、分布和污染现状调查,结合昆明市社会经济发展及工业布局相关规划,预测工业发展可能带来的环境污染,提出相应的产业结构布局和相关治理政策的建议意见,为滇池的水污染防治和昆明市的发展战略规划提供参考。     

产业结构适应低碳经济要求调整研究——以大连市为例

发展低碳产业,符合经济发展的价值理念和趋势。通过低碳经济背景下大连产业结构调整的现状分析、针对大连市低碳产业的发展现实,构建了大连低碳经济产业体系的结构模型;随着大连市循环低碳的新型绿色产业体系的建立与完善,分别从制度、技术与文化3个层面提出大连产业结构调整适应低碳经济要求的应对策略。     

排污权交易中COD的分类及交易匹配研究

排污权交易主要以工业废水为主。本课题具体研究各行业的污水的COD的分类,根据我国工业分布状况,分析我国主要的工业类型,研究各类工业废水特点,分析各类废水COD的性质差异,并进行交易可能性的比对,总结出各行业间排污权交易的匹配方案。为今后我国的排污权交易市场的成功建立提供技术上的支持。     

呼和浩特市环境安全与健康应急决策系统构建示范研究——以内蒙古三联化工集团为例

以内蒙古三联化工集团为研究对象,通过对企业的调查和研究以及查阅文献,同时依托内蒙古环境保护厅环境污染监控中心环境应急管理系统,对风险源内蒙古三联化工集团作了详尽的、整体的研究。借助该计算机应急辅助决策系统实现特定风险源应急方案中应急人员、应急保障、应急处置方法、模型预测结果、缓冲区分析结果、受灾范围、应急疏散通道和应急避难场所等内容执行的自动或半自动化。     

浅谈化学污染事故环境风险管理

通过了解国内外化学污染事故的现状,分析了化学污染事故的严重性及其特征,结合我国现有的环境风险管理状况,探讨了化学污染事故环境风险管理的途径。     

灾害事故专业应急救援队伍能力评价指标体系研究*

为科学评价灾害事故专业应急救援队伍能力,基于相关行业领域应急救援队伍能力评价研究及制度标准分析,提取专业应急救援队伍能力构成要素,建立应急救援队伍能力评价指标体系及相应的评价方法。结果表明:指标体系可合理表征专业应急救援队伍能力,可为相关政府及企业开展灾害事故专业应急救援队伍能力评价提供参考。     

Applications of resilience engineering principles in different fields with a focus on industrial systems: A literature review

This paper reviews literature that addresses applications of resilience engineering principles to various fields. Recently the concept has attracted great attention from a technical and industrial perspective. The primary focus of this paper is to review the resilience engineering applications to industrial systems with the purpose of applying them to the chemical industry. A systematic review is performed to classify peer-reviewed journal papers that are associated with resilience engineering applications into three categories: industrial systems, ecological systems, and interlinked systems. The literature in the category of industrial systems is further divided based on the type of approaches such as field studies, case studies, methodologies, and mathematical modeling. After thoroughly analyzing the literature, four key research areas are identified: Considering socio-technical factors for resilience assessment efficiently; Inculcating the possibility of multiple disasters in resilience assessment; Design optimization for resilience enhancement; Efficient restoration strategies. All these research areas have not been explored exclusively for chemical facilities to a great extent. It is concluded that if these research areas are addressed appropriately, it would help in triggering the research pertaining to the application of resilience engineering principles in chemical facilities.     

Exploring relationships between microscopic kinetic parameters of tires under normal driving conditions,road characteristics and accident types

IntroductionFreeway accidents are a leading cause of death in China, which also triggers substantial economic loss and an emotional burden to society. However, the internal mechanism of how microscopic kinetic parameters of vehicles influenced by road characteristics determine the occurrence of different types of accidents has not been explicitly studied. This research aimed to explore the “link role” of tire microscopic kinetic parameters in road characteristic variables and traffic accidents to aid in facilitating the traffic design and management, and thus to prevent traffic accident. Method: A mountain freeway in Zhejiang Province, China was used as the research object and the data used in this paper were obtained through a real-time vehicle experiment. Multiple estimation models, including the standard ordered logit (SOL) model, fixed parameters logit (FPL) model, and random parameters logit (RPL) model were established. Results: The findings show that road characteristics will affect the longitudinal kinetic characteristics of the vehicle and, consequently, map the level of risk of rear-end accidents. Driving compensation effects were also identified in this paper (i.e., the drivers tend to be more cautious in complicated driving circumstances). Another finding relating to the mountain freeway is that different tunnel characteristics (e.g., tunnel entrance and tunnel exit) have different effects on different types of traffic accidents. Practical Applications: The framework proposed in this article can provide new insight for researchers to enlarge the research subjects of both explanatory and outcome variables in accident analysis. Future research could be implemented to consider more driving conditions.     

Estimation of explosion energy based on fragment characteristics

Explosions of vessels containing high pressure gases or superheated liquids are a common accident in the chemical industry. Fragments are the most information-rich physical evidence in accident analysis. A method is presented to calculate the total explosion energy based on the characteristics of fragments from the scene of an accident, such as mass, horizontal displacement, etc. The implicit expressions of the initial velocity can be obtained through analysing the trajectory equations of the fragments and the data obtained from the scene of the accident. The total energy is calculated from the relationship between the total explosion energy and the kinetic energy of the fragment. During the calculation there are some uncertain parameters, e.g., the energy factor and the initial angle. To solve the parameter uncertainties, a Monte-Carlo simulation is introduced. Analysis of an industrial accident shows that it is feasible to estimate the total explosion energy using the maximum probability density interval with the proposed methodology.