事故风险控制中的组织管理措施研究

阐述事故风险控制中组织管理措施的内涵与作用机制,并分析实践中由组织管理措施缺失而导致的典型事故案例.指出组织管理措施有助于提升个体的行为安全水平、加强工程技术措施的有效性,以及促进企业安全目标的实现,进而达到降低企业事故风险的目的.在实践中,应将组织管理措施与工程技术措施、行为安全措施紧密结合,相互补充,共同实现控制事故风险的目的.     

Industrial symbiosis contributing to more sustainable energy use - an example from the forest industry in Kymenlaakso, Finland

Industrial symbiosis (IS) studies the physical flows of materials and energy in local industrial systems using a systems approach. In this study the total fuel and energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions are calculated for an ‘industrial park’ operating in the same manner as an IS. Moreover the relevance of industrial symbiosis, particularly one centred on pulp and paper manufacturing, in moving towards more sustainable fuel consumption and reduced greenhouse gas emissions is discussed. The system is compared to hypothetical stand-alone production. Moreover, possibilities to reduce the energy use and total greenhouse gas emissions of the park are identified.     

危化品槽罐车运输事故关键致因及传递路径研究

为有效减少危化品槽罐车运输事故的发生,找出导致事故发生的关键致因及因子间的传递路径,在统计分析2016—2020年发生的1 041起危化品槽罐车运输事故的基础上,结合事故致因理论,从人、机、环、管4个维度,提炼出15个事故致因因子,联合使用决策实验室分析法(DEMATEL)和解释结构模型(ISM)分析各因子的关联关系及对事故影响的重要程度,构建事故致因因子多级递阶模型。结果表明:错误操作、罐体及安全附件故障是导致事故的直接关键致因,监督管理不到位、极端天气和教育培训不到位是导致事故的深层关键致因;事故的发生是多层因子共同作用的结果,且以监督管理不到位和极端天气为底层因子,分别衍生出23条和16条事故传递路径,其中,监督管理不到位—教育培训不到位—错误操作是最危险传递路径,在事故预防时应予以重点控制。     

Developing a new alternative risk assessment framework in the work sites by including a stochastic and a deterministic process: A case study for the Greek Public Electric Power Provider

An individual method cannot achieve the optimum risk-assessment result in the worksites, and future perspectives should focus on the parallel application of a deterministic approach with a stochastic approach. In particular, the risk analysis and assessment techniques of the deterministic (DET) approach are classified into three main categories: (a) the qualitative, (b) the quantitative, and (c) the hybrid techniques (qualitative-quantitative, semi-quantitative). Furthermore, the stochastic (STO) approach includes the classic statistical approach (CSA) and the accident forecasting modeling (AFM). The objective of this paper is triple: (a) the presentation and classification of the main risk analysis and risk assessment methods and techniques of the deterministic approach and the stochastic approach as well, (b) the development and presentation of a new alternative risk assessment framework (called as STODET) including a stochastic and a deterministic process, and (c) the application of STODET in the Greek Public Power Corporation (PPC) by using occupational accidents that have been recorded, during the 17-year period of 1993-2009. In particular, the STODET application proves that required actions (or suppressive measures) are essential and must be taken in a medium-term period (1 working year) for abolishing the hazard sources.     

Case study evidence that direct regulation remains the main driver of industrial pollution avoidance and may benefit operational efficiency

Environmental regulation is required to reduce industrial pollution to levels that are socially acceptable and economically efficient, but there is debate over the most efficient form of such regulation. Typically, a limited range of environmental and economic parameters are accounted for in the econometric studies that inform that debate. This paper integrates evidence from two separate studies to assess a broad range of parameters related to the efficiency of industrial environmental regulation. Questionnaire responses from 25 Italian manufacturers of building-chemicals and 28 Irish pharmaceutical manufacturers provided evidence on the environmental effectiveness and operational impacts of different regulatory instruments. Combined with extensive emissions data from Irish pharmaceutical manufacturers, survey results enabled a quantitative estimation of pollution avoidance specifically attributable to direct regulation. The monetised social benefit of avoided pollution was found to be equal to direct compliance costs. Chemical manufacturers in Italy and Ireland stated that direct regulation is a more important driver of industrial environmental performance than economic or voluntary regulation, and their responses indicated that direct compliance costs may be countered somewhat by stimulated operational improvements. It was concluded that direct regulation is an effective approach for multi-pollutant control in an industrial context, and that the efficiency of such regulation may be underestimated in studies that do not consider the full range of pollutants and operational effects.     

珠江三角洲产业结构调整与生态环境关系

在分析珠江三角洲产业现状的基础上，指出其对生态环境的不利方面，并提出关于珠江三角洲未来产业结构调整的几点建议。     

区域循环工业发展评价指标体系的构建及应用

依据循环工业基本原理及Delphi方法,构建了包括资源利用效率、污染减量排放、资源循环利用、经济效益和科技水平在内的区域循环工业发展评价指标体系,并通过运用AHP(层次分析法)模型,测算了指标权重。据此,以南京市为例,评价了1996~2003年间南京市循环工业发展的状况,结果表明,自1996年以来,南京市循环工业发展水平不断提高,但是自2000年以来,在南京市工业经济效益不断增长的同时,资源利用效率、污染减量排放、资源循环利用、科技水平等指标增长缓慢,乃至出现波动性下降的状况,为此文章提出了相关政策建议。     

A criterion for developing credible accident scenarios for risk assessment

Maximum credible accident analysis is one of the most widely used concepts in risk assessment of chemical process industries. Central to this concept is the aspect of ‘credibility’ of envisaged accident scenarios. However, thus far the term credibility is mostly treated qualitatively, based on the subjective judgement of the concerned analysts. This causes wide variation in the results of the studies conducted on the same industrial unit by different analysts.

This paper presents an attempt to develop a criterion using which credible accident scenarios may be identified from among a large number of possibilities. The credible scenarios thus identified may then be processed for detailed consequence analysis. This would help in reducing the cost of the analysis and prevent undue emphasis on less credible scenarios at the expense of more credible ones.     

污染源水质、水量监测系统

本文介绍一种将机械、MCS—51单片计算机、电器数据通讯技术有机地融为一体,研制完成的《污染源水质,水量监测系统》,它主要为城市工业污染源实行排放总量控制和排污许可管理提供必备的监测与管理手段.该系统能在连续监测污水流量,pH 值等参数和数据通讯的同时控制采样器装置定时或定量采集具有代表性水样。     

适盐细菌技术处理高含盐有机废水的现状

简述了国内高含盐有机綮不的处理现状，并介绍了国内外在适盐细菌研究和应用上的情况，从而指出在国内开展适盐细菌生物法处理高含盐量有机工业废水具有理论和实际意义。