Assessing determinants of industrial waste reuse: The case of coal ash in the United States

Devising effective strategies to facilitate waste reuse depends on the solid understanding of reuse behaviors. However, previous studies of reuse behavior have been limited in scope, focusing mostly on household recycling behaviors or very limited types of industrial wastes. To gain a better understanding of the business reuse behaviors, this study examined the impact of various factors in technical, economic, regulatory, and behavioral categories in the case of coal ash generated in the United States. The results of fixed effect models for fly ash and bottom ash particularly showed the significance role of the behavioral factor. In both models, a proxy variable, which represents knowledge sharing among the power plants or the utility's decision-making, turned out to be statistically significant and had the largest coefficient estimates among a group of variables. This finding may imply that the characteristics of waste reuse behavior are determined more by business decision-making behaviors than by market or institutional factors. However, the role of the behavioral variable was stronger in the bottom ash models than in the fly ash models. While the reuse of bottom ash was determined primarily by the behavioral variable, fly ash reuse was determined by more diverse factors including economic and regulatory variables. This could be explained by material characteristics in relation to competing resources and the nature of reuse applications.     

典型优化目标函数下源参数反演性能对比研究

基于外场实验数据,从反演高估率、准确性、稳定性角度系统评估了8种典型目标函数在不同未知源参数反演情形下的反演性能差异.研究发现,不同目标函数反演性能差异显著.仅反演单参数源强时（Q）,对数变换目标函数高估率最大（79.4%）,偏差平方和目标函数准确性最高（P_ARD<50%=82.3%,ARD=（35.3±9.1）%）,目标函数稳定性无明显差异（CV<0.01）.三参数反演（Q,x,y）时,标准化均方根误差目标函数源强高估率最大（98.5%）,对数变换目标函数准确性、稳定性最高（P_ARD<50%=91.1%,ARD=（48.4±9.8）%;CV=0.01）;位置方面,偏差平方和目标函数准确性最高（AD=（36.12±11.39） m）,对数变换目标函数稳定性最强（CV=0.0018）.四参数反演（Q,x,y,z）时,标准化均方根误差目标函数源强高估率最大（98.5%）,对数变换目标函数准确性、稳定性最优（P_ARD<50%=61.7%,ARD=（55.2±16.5）%;CV=0.03）;位置方面,相关系数总体表现最优（AD=（34.37±10.72） m;CV=0.011）.整体上,随反演参数变化,对数变换目标函数源强反演性能最稳定.     

基于能值理论的工业生态系统分析——以龙盛科技工业园为例

基于能值理论．以龙盛科技工业园为例,对其能量流动和物质循环进行分析,通过能值分析的方法,将能量漉、物质流等转化为统一的能值单位,对工业生态系统的效率和稳定性进行了评价。结果表明,龙盛科技工业固由于注重物质循环利用和能量梯级利用,已经形成比较完善的产业链,生态效率和系统稳定性都相对较高。     

易燃易爆危险物质泄漏扩散仿真及其应用的研究

以某轻烃厂泄漏事故为研究对象，研制并开发了一个事故后果仿真软件（ＰＣＩＭＳ）．针对仿真过程中存在的问题，如模型的复杂性、参数的不确定性等提出了处理方法．通过具体生产装置的泄漏扩散后果分析，演示了ＰＣＩＭＳ的仿真结果     

在用车用全复合缠绕气瓶安全性分析

本文通过全复合材料气瓶性能试验、用工业CT方法以及充气时瓶内温度场动态监测,讨论气瓶的内胆、接嘴部位质量以及复合材料强度层质量对气瓶安全性能的影响,并且用统计及实验方法对气瓶的使用环节进行评估,使用1O年以上的气瓶仍具有良好的整体安全性能。     

机器人在核与辐射事故应急中的应用展望

随着核能行业的持续发展,核与辐射事故时有发生。由于核与辐射事故所特有的放射性照射,给事故应急带来了极大的困难。因此,在核与辐射事故应急现场有效地使用机器人就显得尤为重要。分析了在核与辐射事故现场使用机器人的必要性和可行性,通过对机器人在福岛核事故中的应用分析,指出了机器人在核与辐射事故应急中存在的不足,并对研制开发适用于核与辐射事故应急的机器人提出了建议。     

Case study evidence that direct regulation remains the main driver of industrial pollution avoidance and may benefit operational efficiency

Environmental regulation is required to reduce industrial pollution to levels that are socially acceptable and economically efficient, but there is debate over the most efficient form of such regulation. Typically, a limited range of environmental and economic parameters are accounted for in the econometric studies that inform that debate. This paper integrates evidence from two separate studies to assess a broad range of parameters related to the efficiency of industrial environmental regulation. Questionnaire responses from 25 Italian manufacturers of building-chemicals and 28 Irish pharmaceutical manufacturers provided evidence on the environmental effectiveness and operational impacts of different regulatory instruments. Combined with extensive emissions data from Irish pharmaceutical manufacturers, survey results enabled a quantitative estimation of pollution avoidance specifically attributable to direct regulation. The monetised social benefit of avoided pollution was found to be equal to direct compliance costs. Chemical manufacturers in Italy and Ireland stated that direct regulation is a more important driver of industrial environmental performance than economic or voluntary regulation, and their responses indicated that direct compliance costs may be countered somewhat by stimulated operational improvements. It was concluded that direct regulation is an effective approach for multi-pollutant control in an industrial context, and that the efficiency of such regulation may be underestimated in studies that do not consider the full range of pollutants and operational effects.     

工业废水中痕量汞的直接测定

采用DMA-80型直接测汞仪测定工业废水中的痕量汞,优化了干燥时间、分解温度、释放温度等试验条件。方法在0μg/L~600μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为5.0×10-5mg/L,工业废水样品平行测定的RSD≤0.2%,加标回收率为96.7%~105%。     

化学危险品事故应急响应大气扩散模型评述

针对化学危险品的事故要求能迅速地对事故的性质和可能产生危险的区域进行辨识,并能尽早地告知有关事故的性质以及可能的危险区域范围。为了快速确定事故性质及危险区域范围,通常利用应急响应系统,其核心是大气扩散模型。笔者概述了多种大气扩散模型,对当前应用较为广泛的应急大气扩散模型:SLAB,DEGADIS,ALOHA,ARCHIE,DEMRA和LPDM等作了深入剖析;对其应用作了评价;对应急大气扩散模型研究提出了建议。