实现秸秆资源化利用的主要途径

随着我国农村经济的发展和能源供应的改善，部分经济较发达地区出现了秸秆过剩的现象，田间直接燃烧秸秆造成了严重的环境问题。文章认为秸秆作为农业的副产品，是一种有用的资源。介绍了4种秸秆资源化利用的途径，包括能源利用技术、肥料利用技术、饲料利用技术以及用于工业原料的技术。     

环境污染事故危险源评级方法研究

将环境污染事故危险源分成空气污染型和水体污染型两大类,并考虑危险源自身特性和周围环境状况两个主要因素对两类危险源分别提出了评级模式,依据危险指数大小将危险源分为特大、重大、较大和一般四级;利用试点调研的63家企业的183个危险源数据,对危险源评级模式进行了参数选定和验证,证明所建议的方法和模式是可行的,可供危险源调研和建立数据库等实际工作应用。     

Multi-objective optimization of waste and resource management in industrial networks – Part I: Model description

This article presents a general multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model aimed at providing decision support for waste and resources management in industrial networks. The MILP model combines material flow analysis, process models of waste treatments and other industrial processes, life cycle assessment, and mathematical optimization techniques within a unified framework. The optimization is based on a simplified representation of industrial networks that makes use of linear process models to describe the flows of mass and energy. Waste-specific characteristics, e.g. heating value or heavy metal contamination, are considered explicitly along with potential technologies or process configurations. The systems perspective, including both provision of waste treatment and industrial production, enables constraints imposed upon the systems, e.g. available treatment capacities, to be explicitly considered in the model. The model output is a set of alternative system configurations in terms of distribution of waste and resources that optimize environmental and economic performance. The MILP also enables quantification of the improvement potential compared to a given reference state. Trade-offs between conflicting objectives are identified through the generation of a set of Pareto-efficient solutions. This information supports the decision making process by revealing the quantified performance of the efficient trade-offs without relying on weighting being expressed prior to the analysis. Key features of the modeling approach are illustrated in a hypothetical case. The optimization model described in this article is applied in a subsequent paper (Part II) to assess and optimize the thermal treatment of sewage sludge in a region in Switzerland.