航运公司安全管理有效性组合赋权评价模型

为提高航运公司安全营运管理的决策科学性,需要对其安全营运管理的有效性进行过程跟踪评价。基于安全管理的运行过程与安全结果 2种评估指标,提出2种指标相结合的安全管理有效性评价模型。在熵权法(EVM)和层次分析法(AHP)计算的基础上,通过一致性检验确定有效性评价体系指标的权重。提出以组合赋权法确定优化权重数值。经案例应用,得出某航运公司安全管理有效性评价定量化结果。分析结果表明,当前该公司安全管理体系中操作管理是安全管理绩效的关键,而人力资源方面和管理体系方面的改善措施需要与之协调。     

城市交通与环境可持续发展指标体系评估系统研究——上海案例应用

可持续发展是一种将社会发展概念从单纯经济增长拓展到经济、社会、环境协调发展的城市发展新模式.交通环境的可持续发展在整个发展体系中占据着重要地位.本文针对目前大城市普遍面临的交通环境压力和经济、交通与环境系统的复杂性,通过构建经济-交通-环境间的压力与响应关系,建立了可用于"回顾过去、解析现状、瞻望未来"的城市交通环境可持续发展指标体系.采用隶属函数对单项指标进行标准化处理,对交通环境可持续发展综合指数的评价,采用层次分析法确定各指标的权重.采用Visual Basic 6.0及Office的Access 2000,开发了交通环境可持续发展指标体系评估系统,并以上海市为案例进行了研究.本系统的开发可为城市交通环境可持续状况评价及发展对策的制定提供技术支持.     

Priority screening of toxic chemicals and industry sectors in the U.S. toxics release inventory: a comparison of the life cycle impact-based and risk-based assessment tools developed by U.S. EPA

Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) and Risk Assessment (RA) employ different approaches to evaluate toxic impact potential for their own general applications. LCIA is often used to evaluate toxicity potentials for corporate environmental management and RA is often used to evaluate a risk score for environmental policy in government. This study evaluates the cancer, non-cancer, and ecotoxicity potentials and risk scores of chemicals and industry sectors in the United States on the basis of the LCIA- and RA-based tools developed by U.S. EPA, and compares the priority screening of toxic chemicals and industry sectors identified with each method to examine whether the LCIA- and RA-based results lead to the same prioritization schemes. The Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other environmental Impacts (TRACI) is applied as an LCIA-based screening approach with a focus on air and water emissions, and the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicator (RSEI) is applied in equivalent fashion as an RA-based screening approach. The U.S. Toxic Release Inventory is used as the dataset for this analysis, because of its general applicability to a comprehensive list of chemical substances and industry sectors. Overall, the TRACI and RSEI results do not agree with each other in part due to the unavailability of characterization factors and toxic scores for select substances, but primarily because of their different evaluation approaches. Therefore, TRACI and RSEI should be used together both to support a more comprehensive and robust approach to screening of chemicals for environmental management and policy and to highlight substances that are found to be of concern from both perspectives.     

美国油气开发钻井废物排放管理法规浅析

钻井是石油天然气勘探开发过程中的重要环节,钻井过程中污染物的排放管理也受到各国普遍的重视。对钻井污染物的特点进行了分析,在此基础上概括地介绍了美国的相关环境管理法规体系。重点论述了与钻井排污有关的资源保护与补偿法、安全饮用水法、清洁水法等,总结了可供我国借鉴的若干法规、标准制定的理念和方法。     

Current Status of Manufacturing Hazardous Waste in Shanghai

Abstract

It is difficult to manage the manufacturing hazardous waste (MHW) which is generated from a huge amount of complicated sources and causes very serious pollution. Therefore more and more attention has been paid to MHW pollution. Shanghai, as an industrial and economic center and an international metropolis in China, has a vast industrial system spanning a multitude of sectors, which generates MHW not only in a huge magnitude but also in a large variety of types from complicated sources, resulting in severe pollution. In 2003, the production of MHW in Shanghai is about 3.96 × 10⁵ ton, involving 33 indices. Most of MHW in Shanghai is treated and disposed of, but a significant portion is not handled properly and effectively. This paper carries out in-field investigation on the current status of MHW production and treatment in Shanghai, and puts forward scientific proposals that Shanghai should facilitate cleaner production and minimize hazardous waste; strictly enforce hazardous waste registration system, strengthen monitoring the certified enterprises; strengthen intent disposal center construction and realize hazardous waste reclamation; accelerate establishing the technical criteria and the management policy, promote the research and development on the treatment and disposal technology, and strengthen information management, thus realizing integrated management on MHW pollution.     

Applying the zoo model to conservation of threatened exceptional plant species

Maintaining a living plant collection is the most common method of ex situ conservation for plant species that cannot be seed banked (i.e., exceptional species). Viability of living collections, and their value for future conservation efforts, can be limited without coordinated efforts to track and manage individuals across institutions. Using a pedigree-focused approach, the zoological community has established an inter-institutional infrastructure to support long-term viability of captive animal populations. We assessed the ability of this coordinated metacollection infrastructure to support the conservation of 4 plant species curated in living collections at multiple botanic gardens around the world. Limitations in current practices include the inability to compile, share, and analyze plant collections data at the individual level, as well as difficulty in tracking original provenance of ex situ material. The coordinated metacollection framework used by zoos can be adopted by the botanical community to improve conservation outcomes by minimizing the loss of genetic diversity in collections. We suggest actions to improve ex situ conservation of exceptional plant species, including developing a central database to aggregate data and track unique individuals of priority threatened species among institutions and adapting a pedigree-based population management tool that incorporates life-history aspects unique to plants. If approached collaboratively across regional, national, and global scales, these actions could transform ex situ conservation of threatened plant species.     

上海市生物废弃物排放管理对策与措施研究

近年来随着上海市生命科学与生物技术的快速发展，其废弃物的环境排放带来了生态与健康的安全隐患。本文在全面调查基础上，归纳分析了上海生物废弃物排放现状，并从意识层面、法规层面、技术层面和管理层面分析目前存在的问题，随后提出了上海生物废弃物排放控制的分类分级、环境安全评估、排放许可证发放、就地与集中处理结合、排污申报登记等基本管理思路和相应的管理组织结构体系。此外，结合当前需要，提出近期实施对策措施。     

浅谈生态系统管理的内容和方法

生态系统管理的研究是当前生态学研究的热点,生态系统作为人类生存条件-资源和环境的保育基础,其管理的重要性已被广泛认识和接受。本文系统阐述生态系统管理的内涵、内容和步骤、方法,它的目标是恢复和维持生态系统的健康、高产和生物多样性以及生命的总体质量。这些都通过一种完全融合了社会和经济需求的自然资源管理方法来实现。尽管面临着许多挑战,生态系统管理依然显示出强大的生命力。     

论城市灾害管理模型

城市是人类抗灾,防灾的重点,加强城市灾害防治是城市,乃至整个国家可持续发展的必要保证,城市灾害管理是减轻城市灾害的主要的主要措施之一,本文用管理学,控制论,决策论的思想建立了城市灾害管理的模型。     

An Analysis of Spatial Clustering and Implications for Wildlife Management: A Burrowing Owl Example

Analysis tools that combine large spatial and temporal scales are necessary for efficient management of wildlife species, such as the burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia). We assessed the ability of Ripley’s K-function analysis integrated into a geographic information system (GIS) to determine changes in burrowing owl nest clustering over two years at NASA Ames Research Center. Specifically, we used these tools to detect changes in spatial and temporal nest clustering before, during, and after conducting management by mowing to maintain low vegetation height at nest burrows. We found that the scale and timing of owl nest clustering matched the scale and timing of our conservation management actions over a short time frame. While this study could not determine a causal link between mowing and nest clustering, we did find that Ripley’s K and GIS were effective in detecting owl nest clustering and show promise for future conservation uses.