热阴极电离真空规在卫星热试验中的使用与失效分析

热阴极电离真空规(简称电离规)在高真空测量领域有着广泛的应用。介绍了电离规在卫星真空热试验中的使用情况,并进行了分析。在卫星真空热试验中,分别在星表及星上布置了电离规,使用过程中发现星表电离规在整个试验期间测量正常,而星上电离规在试验开始一段时间后均会失效,且故障现象一致,通过对比分析发现是规管内部受有机物污染所致。     

废烟气回收管网保温的计算分析

铜陵市铜冠电工漆包线生产厂房的催化装置中产生大量温度高达500℃的烟气,该工业余热一直以废气的形式直接排放到大气中,造成热污染和能源浪费。回收该工业废热,利用该烟气余热直接驱动溴化锂吸收式制冷,不仅介绍了该技术的工艺特点,而且从传热学和工程热力学基本理论入手研究烟气回收管道保温的计算分析,建立管道等厚度保温层的管网计算模型和基本理论,为工程实践提供可借鉴计算模板。     

生产工艺条件对菌粉爆炸特征参数的影响

利用扫描电镜及激光粒度分析仪,探究了不同生产工艺条件下医药中间体菌粉A和菌粉B的表面形状及粒径分布,并进行了热解分析,证实上述特征参数存在一定差别。在此基础上进行了爆炸特性参数研究。研究结果表明,上述两种菌粉爆炸下限处于70~90 g/m3,最大爆炸压力峰值0.4~0.5 MPa之间,爆炸性相对较弱,但也必须引起足够的重视。与菌粉B相比,菌粉A相对安全,因此条件许可时优先采用菌粉A生产工艺流程。     

某火电厂FGD工艺及其运行现状分析

某火力发电厂FGD系统采用石灰石/石膏湿法脱硫工艺,FGD系统中设置有旁路挡板,在正常运行时,其脱硫效率可以达到90%以上,二氧化硫排放低于400 mg/m3,达到国家排放要求。FGD系统运行中异常主要表现在原烟气SO2浓度超标,增压风机、GGH、吸收塔除雾器等设备易发生故障,导致脱硫效率下降,不能够达标排放,在设备运行过程中应注意防范。     

高含固污泥水热预处理中碳、氮、磷、硫转化规律

以城市污水处理厂脱水污泥为对象,探讨其在165℃下经50 min水热预处理的碳、氮、磷、硫转化规律.结果表明,水热预处理可有效水解污泥中有机组分,VSS水解率达43.35%.碳、氮、磷、硫在水热预处理过程中表现出不同的转化规律,蛋白质和碳水化合物的水解率分别为54.36%和65.12%,溶解态有机物的主要组分为溶解态蛋白质(52.18%);不溶态有机氮的水解率54.23%,氨氮占溶解态凯氏氮的22.13%,水解液中的氮主要以有机氮形式存在;总磷水解率为30.52%,磷酸盐占溶解态总磷的79.84%,说明在水热预处理过程中聚磷酸盐在聚磷菌细胞破碎后极易被水解为磷酸盐;总硫水解率为50.03%,硫化物占溶解态总硫的0.50%,而有机硫很难水解为硫化物.通过水热预处理后物质转化及组分分析,旨在为高含固污泥有效处理提供一定的理论参考.     

The safety of obstetrical ultrasound: a review

Ultrasound is a commonly employed imaging modality in obstetrics and is generally regarded as safe to the fetus. Current ultrasound technology, however, has significantly higher output potential than older machines used in most clinical studies, and the safety profile for the increasing use of Doppler, 3-dimensional (D) and 4-D ultrasound with modern machines is unknown. This article reviews the current status of ultrasound safety within obstetrics, including proposed mechanisms of harm, existing scientific and clinical evidence regarding those mechanisms, and considerations of safety for the clinical user. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Promises and pitfalls of first trimester sonographic markers in the detection of fetal aneuploidy

First trimester sonographic markers are the only markers achieving detection rates above 50% in the prenatal detection of fetal aneuploidy. Although potentially they are the best markers, some concerns have arisen about its clinical application. Pitfalls may be due to inability to examine the markers, incorrect assessment, or incorrect interpretation of the findings. Markers may be unable to be examined due to maternal (maternal body habitus, previous surgery) or fetal reasons (incompatible fetal position or fetal movements). Causes of incorrect interpretation may be insufficient image magnification, incorrect caliper placement (nuchal translucency), incorrect insonation angle (nasal bone), venous contamination (ductus venosus), or arterial contamination (tricuspid regurgitation), among others. Venous contamination in ductus venosus waveforms may mimic an abnormal blood flow when it is normal, and the opposite can also occur. Finally, incorrect interpretation of a substantially increased nuchal translucency may lead to a false impression of an ominous fetal prognosis or may be confounded with a cystic hygroma. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.