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281.
基于国家尺度的社会代谢物质流、地理面积、净生态面积和标准生态面积,构建出测度本国环境所承受的环境压力总量指标体系——环境载荷和环境压强;对中国、德国、荷兰、奥地利、日本和美国等6个国家的环境载荷和环境压强进行了若干年的实证计算和对比分析.结果表明,虽然美国的人均环境载荷、人均物质总需求及人均生态足迹赤字等均是各国最高者,其环境压强却处于低位,与奥地利相近;中国的人均指标虽然低,其以标准生态面积计算的环境压强却是6国中最高者;以环境压强指标测度,5个发达工业国的经济发展与本国环境压力之间在研究期显示出不同程度的“脱钩”关系,即本国环境压强并没有随经济总量的增长而增加;中国的环境压力却呈现明显的上升态势.同时就环境问题的公平性和环境压力指标的优缺点进行了简要讨论. 相似文献
282.
Risk Assessment of Riparian Plant Invasions into Protected Areas 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
LLEWELLYN C. FOXCROFT†‡ MATHIEU ROUGET§ DAVID M. RICHARDSON† 《Conservation biology》2007,21(2):412-421
Abstract: Protected areas are becoming increasingly isolated. River corridors represent crucial links to the surrounding landscape but are also major conduits for invasion of alien species. We developed a framework to assess the risk that alien plants in watersheds adjacent to a protected area will invade the protected area along rivers. The framework combines species- and landscape-level approaches and has five key components: (1) definition of the geographical area of interest, (2) delineation of the domain into ecologically meaningful zones, (3) identification of the appropriate landscape units, (4) categorization of alien species and mapping of their distribution and abundance, and (5) definition of management options. The framework guides the determination of species distribution and abundance through successive, easily followed steps, providing the means for the assessment of areas of concern. We applied the framework to Kruger National Park (KNP) in South Africa. We recorded 231 invasive alien plant species (of which 79 were major invaders) in the domain. The KNP is facing increasing pressure from alien species in the upper regions of the drainage areas of neighboring watersheds. On the basis of the climatic modeling, we showed that most major riparian invaders have the ability to spread across the KNP should they be transported down the rivers. With this information, KNP managers can identify areas for proactive intervention, monitoring, and resource allocation. Even for a very large protected area such as the KNP, sustainable management of biodiversity will depend heavily on the response of land managers upstream managing alien plants. We suggest that this framework is applicable to plants and other passively dispersed species that invade protected areas situated at the end of a drainage basin. 相似文献
283.
本文详细论述了CuO-ZnO的特性与沉淀过程中pH值变化、沉淀剂种类、沉淀剂的加料方式和催化剂的热处理条件,以及活化气氛等因素之间的相互关系,实验中运用了XRD,BET,XPS等测试手段,对催化剂的结构及其表面性质进行了深入探讨,得到了催化剂的最佳含量组成和催化剂活性组份可能的存在状态。 相似文献
284.
对燃煤电厂密相流态化气力输送系统的不同工况进行1:1工业试验研究。在不影响粉煤灰正常输送的前提下,采集系统核心部件仓泵的压力曲线及数据,对其进行分析。研究认为,仓泵的设计压力至少可以降低为0.8MPa,并对管路系统提出改进方案,为密相流态化气力输送的设计和运行提供参考依据。 相似文献
285.
Environmental Impact of Undular Tidal Bores in Tropical Rivers 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
A tidal bore impacts significantly on the estuarine ecosystem, although little is known on the flow field, mixing and sediment
motion beneath tidal bores. In the absence of detailed systematic field measurements, a quasi-steady flow analogy was applied
to investigate undular tidal bores with inflow Froude numbers between 1.25 and 1.6. Experimental results indicated that rapid
flow redistributions occur beneath the free-surface undulations, with significant variations in bed shear stress between wave
crests and troughs. Dynamic similarity was used to predict detailed flow characteristics of undular tidal bores. The effects
of periodic loading on river sediments, scour of river bed and flow mixing behind the bore are discussed. A better understanding
of these processes will contribute to better management practices in tidal bore affected rivers, including the Styx and Daly
rivers in tropical Australia. 相似文献
286.
介绍了一种新的环境试验用相对湿度查算表及其编制目的、编制方法,该查算表用较小的篇幅实现更宽的温度和相对湿度的查算范围(与GB6999鄄86《环境试验用相对湿度查算表》比较)。该查算表中对风速与大气压的修正方法有与其他查算表不同的特点,它对提高相对湿度测量(查算)精度有一定的作用。 相似文献
287.
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289.
In the conceptualization of thriving at work, it is emphasized that employees' learning and vitality are two equally important components of thriving and that thriving is facilitated by contextual features and available resources. In this study, we examined the effects of two challenge stressors (time pressure and learning demands) on thriving at work. Based on the literature on challenge and hindrance stressors, we proposed that challenge stressors positively affect learning and negatively affect vitality. To uncover underlying mechanisms, we measured challenge appraisal and hindrance appraisal of work situations in a diary study. A sample of 124 knowledge workers responded to three daily surveys (before the lunch break, during the afternoon, and at the end of the workday) for a period of five workdays. Results indicate that the indirect effects of learning demands and time pressure on learning are mediated by challenge appraisal, whereas indirect effects of learning demands on vitality are mediated by hindrance appraisal. Overall, our study shows that challenge stressors have a positive total effect on learning but no total effect on vitality. These differential relationships call for a finer distinction between the two components of thriving at work in future research. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Journal of Organizational Behavior Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
290.