站场伴生气减排回收工艺研究与应用

针对部分油田站场因伴生气量低造成的燃烧排放或无效放空的生产现状,研制了一种基于双U型管气液分离、气体过滤、阀前调压稳压和止回阀的组合式回收装置。对组合式回收装置进行了功能测试,并在17座站场现场应用,供气系统压力平稳,加热炉正常运行,实现了低气油比站场伴生气100%回收利用,有利于油田安全环保、节能减排与清洁生产。     

压力容器爆炸事故分析和后果预测

针对一般压力容器的爆炸情况,对容器内物质分3种集态分别讨论计算其爆炸能量、爆炸冲击波大小及其破坏范围,以此进行事故分析和后果预测。     

Protoplast preparation and regeneration conditions of Bacillus subtilis ZGL14 producing alkaline pectinase北大核心CSCD

The protoplast fusion technique is one of the important microbial breeding methods. The main factors that affect protoplast preparation and regeneration were investigated using Bacillus subtilis ZGL14 as the starter strain. The optimal conditions for protoplast preparation and regeneration were determined in this study by optimizing the cell age, lysozyme concentration, enzymolysis time, enzymolysis temperature, pH values of the osmotic pressure stabilizer, regeneration medium types, and culture type. The results indicated that the optimal condition for protoplast preparation of B. subtilis ZGL14 was as follows: 9 h of cell age, 0.2 mg/mL of lysozyme concentration, 10 min of enzymolysis time, 32 °C of enzymolysis temperature, and 7.0 of osmotic pressure stabilizer pH value. Under this condition, the protoplast formation and regeneration rates were > 98% and > 30%, respectively. A good protoplast regeneration effect can be achieved using the regeneration medium with sodium succinate as osmotic pressure stabilizer in combination with Ca2+. The single-layer culture was better than double-layer for regeneration. The optimal condition for protoplast preparation and regeneration of B. subtilis ZGL14 was determined in this study, which provides technical support for protoplast fusion breeding of B. subtilis. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

基于ADAMS的机械式内割刀切割失效影响研究

割刀常因振动而折断刀片,造成切割设备失效,影响施工安全。为降低ND-J114型号机械式内割刀的事故率提高割刀使用寿命,采用多体动力学的方法,利用ADAMS软件对其切削套管的过程进行动态模拟,在不同钻压和转速情况下,对割刀切削力和角加速度的变化规律进行分析,从割刀振动的角度出发,通过降低割刀的振动来降低刀片折断的风险。分析结果表明:割刀在切削套管的过程中最优钻压为4 800 N,割刀运转平稳;切削力的大小跟钻压近似于成正比关系;割刀最优转速为29 r/min,割刀运转平稳;切割转速在10~30 r/min时,切割效果较好,切割设备越不易折断;转速对切削力大小的影响较小。     

气体钻井突发性井壁失稳动力演化机理及试验研究

从致密砂岩损伤破坏的角度出发,综合考虑致密砂岩的物理力学性质、地应力、裂缝圈闭高压等因素,在分析孔隙压力、地应力、裂缝圈闭高压在突发性井壁失稳过程中所起的作用基础上,将气体钻井突发性井壁失稳具有强烈时间效应的动态力学过程分为孕育、突变、井筒运移和终止4个阶段。对裂缝圈闭高压、地应力作用下致密砂岩的加速损伤演化引起的突发性井壁失稳机理进行了阐述,裂缝圈闭高压是突发性井壁失稳的主要动力源,地应力对突发性井壁失稳起辅助作用。通过模拟实验表明,受地应力破坏后的致密砂岩岩体在有裂缝情况下,卸压初始时刻释放的能量是无裂缝时的5~10倍,且该能量与动力学失稳密切相关。     

救生舱水密及承压性能数值模拟与试验研究

透水事故是井下常发灾害之一。为满足井下紧急避险要求,救生舱不仅要具备持续耐高水压的能力,而且还需保持良好的水密性。为了检验救水舱的水密及承压性能,应用ANSYS模拟软件对舱体应力变化进行了数值模拟,确定了舱体应力值可能偏大的区域,进而选定了现场试验应变监测点;通过水压试验中心现场试验,制定详细升压方案,观察及分析试验现场和试验应变数据。实验结果表明,救生舱在外界水压达到3MPa的情况下,舱体未发生渗漏及明显变形,救生舱水密及承压性能良好。     

Explosion of lycopodium-nicotinic acid–methane complex hybrid mixtures

With the terms “complex hybrid mixtures”, we mean mixtures made of two or more combustible dusts mixed with flammable gas or vapors in air (or another comburent).In this work, the flammability and explosion behavior of selected complex hybrid mixtures was studied. In particular, we investigated mixtures of nicotinic acid, lycopodium and methane. We performed explosion tests in the 20-L explosion vessel at different overall (nicotinic plus lycopodium) dust concentrations, nicotinic acid/lycopodium ratios, and methane concentrations.An exceptional behavior (in terms of unexpected values of rate of pressure rise and pressure) was found for the complex hybrid mixtures containing lycopodium and nicotinic acid in equal amounts. This mixture was found to be much more reactive than all the other dust mixtures, whatever the dust concentration and the methane content.     

A biofilter model for simultaneous simulation of toluene removal and bed pressure drop under varied inlet loadings

In this study, a biofiltration model including the effect of biomass accumulation and inert biomass growth is developed to simultaneously predict the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) removal and filter bed pressure drop under varied inlet loadings. A laboratory-scale experimental biofilter for gaseous toluene removal was set up and operated for 100 days with inlet toluene concentration ranging from 250 to 2500 mg?m^-3. According to sensitivity analysis based on the model, the VOCs removal efficiency of the biofilter is more sensitive to Henry’s constant, the specific surface area of the filter bed and the thickness of water layer, while the filter bed pressure drop is more sensitive to biomass yield coefficient and original void fraction. The calculated toluene removal efficiency and bed pressure drop satisfactorily fit the experimental data under varied inlet toluene loadings, which indicates the model in this study can be used to predict VOCs removal and bed pressure drop simultaneously. Based on the model, the effect of mass-transfer parameters on VOCs removal and the stable-run time of a biofilter are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the model can function as a good tool to evaluate the effect of biomass accumulation and optimize the design and operation of biofilters.     

次毫米过滤组件分离高浓度污泥试验

采用自主研制的一种次毫米过滤组件,实现高浓度污泥的折衷分离,考察了ρ（污泥）（10～30 g/L）、组件孔径（0.10～1.00 mm）及压差（水头差:30 cm H₂O,90 cm H₂O）对次毫米过滤通量和平均通量的影响;利用多元线性回归模型和因素主次分析方法,探讨了三因素对平均通量的影响程度.结果表明:在不同的ρ（污泥）、组件孔径及压差条件下,过滤通量随时间均呈负指数形式衰减;三因素对平均通量的影响程度为ρ（污泥）>组件孔径>压差,ρ（污泥）与平均通量呈负相关,组件孔径、压差与平均通量呈正相关.同时,通过解析多元线性回归模型得到次毫米平均通量的表达式,为试验设计的优化提供了理论依据.      

加压酸浸法提取粉煤灰中的Al2O3和Fe2O3

采用加压酸浸法提取粉煤灰中的A12O3和Fe2O3.实验研究了粉煤灰粒径、硫酸质量分数、反应时间、反应温度对粉煤灰中Al2O3和Fe2O3浸取率的影响,并通过SEM对粉煤灰酸浸前后的形貌进行了分析.实验结果表明,当粉煤灰粒径为75μm、硫酸质量分数为50％、反应温度为180℃、反应时间为4h时,粉煤灰中的Al2O3浸取率可达82.4％,Fe2O3浸取率为76.1％,经酸浸后粉煤灰的剩余率为72.4％.