浓缩湖泊蓝藻液的加压混凝沉淀处理

为了提高蓝藻液浓缩效率,降低能耗,采用外加压力压破蓝藻气囊,使蓝藻失去气囊浮力易于混凝沉淀分离。采用中试实验研究了加压混凝浓缩蓝藻液的技术方法,优化了工艺参数,并进行了经济分析。结果表明,在原藻液含水率99.4%~99%时,最佳的混凝剂（PAC）投加量与干藻质量比为1/20,最佳的助凝剂（PAM）投加量与干藻质量比为1/1 500。浓缩后出水浊度在1~5 NTU之间,出水叶绿素a在10 mg·m-3以内,浓缩藻泥含水率都小于97%,原藻液浓缩了3.52~5.51倍。加压破蓝藻气囊能耗0.008 kW·h·m-3,比现有高速旋转法破蓝藻气囊工艺节省能耗0.6 kW·h·m-3。     

颗粒填料复合式膜生物反应器的长期运行特性

在实验室条件下,从有机物去除效果、透膜压差、污泥颗粒粒径和污泥混合液过滤阻力等方面对颗粒填料复合式膜生物反应器（HMBR）的长期运行特性进行了研究。结果表明,与普通MBR相比,HMBR可以显著减缓膜污染,延长稳定运行时间,减少膜组件的清洗频率,在本试验条件下,当膜通量分别为3.0、4.5和6.0 L/（m2·h）时,MBR的透膜压差增长率分别是HMBR的5.5、3.3和2.2倍;HMBR的有机污染物去除效果显著,COD平均去除率达到92.3%,但是由于颗粒填料对HMBR膜表面污泥沉积层的去除,HMBR对有机物的筛滤/吸附作用减弱,造成HMBR出水的COD浓度比MBR略高;随运行时间的增长,HMBR污泥颗粒粒径呈下降趋势,而污泥混合液的过滤阻力逐渐增大,由于颗粒填料对污泥絮体的剪切作用,以及污泥生物相的变化导致HMBR的污泥粒径下降趋势比MBR更为明显,粒径分布范围更窄,而且HMBR的污泥混合液过滤阻力增长速率略大于MBR。     

零价铁活化过一硫酸盐联合单宁酸调理改善市政污泥脱水性能的机理研究

探讨了零价铁（ZVI）活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）联合单宁酸（TA）调理对市政污泥高压压滤深度脱水的影响;通过单因素试验,考察了TA、ZVI和PMS投加量及初始pH值对污泥脱水性能的影响,并深入探究实现污泥深度脱水的潜在机理.结果表明,初始pH值为6.0,ZVI投加量为120 mg·g^-1干污泥量（DS）,PMS投加量为100 mg·g^-1DS,TA投加量为0.06 mmol·L^-1·g^-1DS时,污泥的脱水效果达到最佳,比阻（SRF）和结合水去除率分别高达88.60%和53.17%.经调理联合高压压滤系统处理后,污泥泥饼含水率由89.75%降低至45.17%.进一步研究表明,联合调理实现污泥深度脱水分为3个阶段,包括氧化、絮凝和蛋白质沉淀.最终,ZVI/PMS联合TA调理可大幅提高污泥的脱水性能.该研究结果可为ZVI/PMS联合TA调理技术在市政污泥深度脱水中的应用提供一定的参考价值.     

Experimental investigation on shock waves generated by pressurized gas release through a tube

An experimental investigation on the flow structures and the strength of shock waves generated by high-pressure gas release through a tube into air was conducted. The results demonstrated that a leading shock wave was generated in front of the compressed gas jet and the shock wave speed increased firstly, then decreased and finally kept constant with an increase of the propagation distance in the tube. The experimentally measured Mach numbers of shock waves were close to those calculated from the theory of ideal shock tube flow. After spouting out of the tube, the normal shock quickly developed into a hemispherical shape. The Mach disk was observed in the under-expanded jet. For high-pressure combustible gas release, the concept of theoretical critical pressure of ignition was introduced and several theoretical critical pressures of common gaseous fuels were obtained.     

Internal corrosion hazard assessment of oil & gas pipelines using Bayesian belief network model

A substantial amount of oil & gas products are transported and distributed via pipelines, which can stretch for thousands of kilometers. In British Columbia (BC), Canada, alone there are over 40,000 km of pipelines currently being operated. Because of the adverse environmental impact, public outrage and significant financial losses, the integrity of the pipelines is essential. More than 37 pipe failures per year occur in BC causing liquid spills and gas releases, damaging both property and environment. BC oil & gas commission (BCOGS) has indicated metal loss due to internal corrosion as one of the primary causes of these failures. Therefore, it is of a paramount importance to timely identify pipelines subjected to severe internal corrosion in order to improve corrosion mitigation and pipeline maintenance strategies, thus minimizing the likelihood of failure. To accomplish this task, this paper presents a Bayesian belief network (BBN)-based probabilistic internal corrosion hazard assessment approach for oil & gas pipelines. A cause-effect BBN model has been developed by considering various information, such as analytical corrosion models, expert knowledge and published literature. Multiple corrosion models and failure pressure models have been incorporated into a single flexible network to estimate corrosion defects and associated probability of failure (PoF). This paper also explores the influence of fluid composition and operating conditions on the corrosion rate and PoF. To demonstrate the application of the BBN model, a case study of the Northeastern BC oil & gas pipeline infrastructure is presented. Based on the pipeline's mechanical characteristics and operating conditions, spatial and probabilistic distributions of corrosion defect and PoF have been obtained and visualized with the aid of the Geographic Information System (GIS). The developed BBN model can identify vulnerable pipeline sections and rank them accordingly to enhance the informed decision-making process.     

300MPa超高压往复密封的试验研究

水切割设备的运行可靠性，在很大程度上取决于超高压往复密封。笔者对３００ＭＰａ超高压往复密封设计的是，采用锥形套筒与填料问置的组合密封，即利用锥形套筒的弹性变形在柱塞与套筒之间产生难以加工的间隙，造成很大的压降Ｐ，然后再利用填料密封。填料采用填充ＰＴＦＥ和铅箔。静密封也采用金属斜面密封。密封参数──压力：３００ＭＰａ，流量：２Ｌ／ｍｉｎ，介质：清水加３—５％乳化液，喷嘴直径：０．２５ｍｍ。     

关于“金与甘氨酸配合作用实验研究中的某些问题”的讨论─—答复周朝宪、季宏兵和王中良

分析了金与甘氨酸配合作用实验研究中的某些问题，包括甘氨酸的热稳定性，氧逸度的概念，样品管内的压力、样品管材料对实验的影响及配位数的确定。     

华北城市地区潜水中主要离子含量变化的反应途径模拟

近三十年来，由于污染，华北城市地区潜水中主要离子如ＣＡ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋等含量逐年升高，影响工农业生产，本采用反应途径模拟的方法对上述情况进行了研究，作共设计了７种反应途径，分别模拟了含碳酸盐或硅酸盐、铝硅酸盐较丰富地区地下水中盐效应和ＣＯ２分压升高对基主要离子含量的影响，模拟过程中考虑了２２种化学反应，３３种存在形式（包括气体、固体）。结果表明，盐效应和ＣＯ２分压升高对地下水中Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍ     

中心流场湿式除尘器的试验研究

中心流场湿式除尘器通过在筒体内设置导流百叶窗来减轻内涡旋 ,使除尘器的压力损失大大降低 ,同时在筒体上设两根进水管 ,采用湿式除尘 ,又提高了除尘器的除尘效率。本文介绍了该除尘器的结构特点、工作原理、试验台系统的设计以及主要性能的测试结果     

GJX型高炉均压放散消声器的研制

针对高炉均压放散噪声产生的机理及特点和声学特性，对消声器的设计原则及其合理结构进行了探讨和研究，较好地解决了消声器排尘与清灰之间的关系，为类似的消声器设计提供可借鉴的经验