新疆盐湖旅游资源的开发利用

探讨了新疆盐湖资源的利用现状,提出多元化开发盐湖资源的思想,分3个方向利用资源,特别是要大力开发旅游资源。对湖泊旅游的开发模式及未来发展方向进行了总结,并结合新疆目前第一个盐湖旅游资源开发项目——乌鲁木齐达坂城东盐湖生态旅游的开发,分析了新疆盐湖旅游资源开发的优势和劣势,最终提出了盐湖的旅游资源开发模式和4种发展方向。     

高灵敏光度法在环境水样中无机铬形态分析中的应用

按显色剂分类综述了1997—2002年国内高灵敏光度法(ε′≥1 0×105L·mol-1·cm-1)在环境水样中无机铬形态分析中的应用进展。     

Historical trends of trace metals in a sediment core from a contaminated tidal salt marsh in San Francisco Bay

Sedimentation of metals preserves historical records of contaminant input from local and regional sources, and measurement of metals in sediment cores can provide information for reconstruction of historical changes in regional water and sediment quality. Sediment core was collected from Stege Marsh located in central San Francisco Bay (California, USA) to investigate the historical input of trace metals. Aluminum-normalized enrichment factors indicate that inputs from anthropogenic sources were predominant over natural input for Ag, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Among these, lead was the most anthropogenically impacted metal with enrichment factors ranging from 32 to 108. Depth profiles and coefficients of variation show that As, Cd, and Se were also influenced by anthropogenic input. The levels of these anthropogenically impacted metals decline gradually towards the surface due to regulation of the use of leaded gasoline, municipal and industrial wastewater discharge control, and closure of point sources on the upland of Stege Marsh. Although trace metal contamination is expected to be continuously declining, the rates of decline have slowed down. For lead, it is estimated to take 44, 82, and 153 years to decrease to probable effects level (112 μg/g), the San Francisco Bay ambient surface sediment level (43.2 μg/g), and the local baseline levels (5 μg/g), respectively. Some metals in surface sediments (0–6 cm) are still higher than sediment quality guidelines such as the probable effects level. To further facilitate the recovery of sediment quality, more efficient management plans need to be developed and implemented to control trace metals from non-point sources such as stormwater runoff.     

塔里木河下游地区新生林地滴灌后土壤水盐再分布特征

以塔里木河下游农二师35团8连绿洲-荒漠交界处滴灌条件下的新生林土壤为研究对象,对滴灌结束24 h后的土壤水分、盐分分布特征进行了分析.结果显示:水平方向上,各点处纵剖面土壤含水率随着距滴头距离的增加逐渐下降,至距滴头75 cm处达最低值;而各点处土壤纵剖面含盐量则随着距滴头距离的增加逐渐上升,至距滴头75 cm处达到峰值.垂直方向上,无论水分还是盐分,在20-40 cm土层含量较高,至中下层趋于下降.水平方向上,随着距滴头距离的增加,滴头处土壤剖面含水率与其他点处土壤剖面含水率的相关性依次递减,距滴头75 cm处土壤剖面含盐量与其他点处土壤剖面含盐量的相关性依次递增;垂直方向上,与20-40 cm土层含水率相关性较强的是0-20 cm土层,在α=0.01水平上呈显著相关,其次是40-60 cm土层,在α=0.05水平上呈显著相关.     

盐雾胁迫对榄仁幼苗生长及体内矿质元素分布的影响

在温室培养条件下,用叶片喷雾的方式对盐生植物榄仁（Terminalia catappa）的幼苗进行NaCl胁迫处理,研究了盐雾胁迫对其生长、5种矿质元素（Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Na＋、K＋、Cl-）和灰分在幼苗不同叶龄叶片和叶片各部分分布的影响,以探讨盐雾胁迫下的盐害机理,以此指导实际工作中盐害诊断与预防措施,为筛选耐盐树种建设沿海防护林提供依据。结果表明：盐雾胁迫下榄仁幼苗的叶、茎、根生长比对照组缓慢,K＋在各叶片分区的分布差别较小,Ca2＋、Mg2＋、灰分在叶片中心区分布较多,Na＋和Cl-均向叶缘集中,且Na＋和Cl-质量分数显著增加（P〈0-05）,可见盐雾胁迫下榄仁幼苗叶片盐分较易集中在叶尖、叶缘,这与叶片病斑多分布于叶尖、叶缘的症状相符。盐雾胁迫下榄仁幼苗叶片的灰分质量分数在叶片中心区分布最多,并呈现老叶〉成叶〉新叶,而且随胁迫时间增加呈升高趋势,叶片不同部位和不同叶龄的灰分质量分数都显著高于对照组（P〈0-05）,故盐雾胁迫促进植物体灰分积累。盐雾胁迫下榄仁幼苗的 K＋、Na＋、Cl-在新叶分布最多,Ca2＋在老叶分布最多,Mg2-在成熟叶分布最多,可见新叶对盐雾胁迫最敏感。不论是在叶片不同部分、不同叶龄的分布,还是在盐雾胁迫下5种矿质元素质量分数的变化上,榄仁幼苗体内的Na＋-Cl-存在极显著强正相关（P〈0.01）。     

含盐量对餐厨垃圾干式厌氧发酵的影响

在中温(35℃)和高温(55℃)条件下,研究了不同含盐量(质量分数分别为0、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%)对餐厨垃圾干式厌氧发酵过程中日产气量、累积产气量、总固体(TS)、挥发性固体(VS)、沼气成分的影响。结果表明,在中温和高温条件下,当含盐量为3%(质量分数)时累积产气量均达到最高值,分别为1 244、1 419mL。此时,TS、VS的去除率也最高,中温时的去除率分别为43.2%、45.6%,高温时的去除率分别为48.3%、50.9%。餐厨垃圾干式厌氧发酵过程中沼气的甲烷含量逐渐升高,第28天时达到最高;含盐量为3%时中温和高温厌氧发酵条件下甲烷含量最高,分别为78.7%(体积分数,下同)、90.0%。     

Relation of dietary inorganic arsenic exposure and urinary inorganic arsenic metabolites excretion in Japanese subjects

Inorganic arsenic (InAs) is a ubiquitous metalloid that has been shown to exert multiple adverse health outcomes. Urinary InAs and its metabolite concentration has been used as a biomarker of arsenic (As) exposure in some epidemiological studies, however, quantitative relationship between daily InAs exposure and urinary InAs metabolites concentration has not been well characterized. We collected a set of 24-h duplicated diet and spot urine sample of the next morning of diet sampling from 20 male and 19 female subjects in Japan from August 2011 to October 2012. Concentrations of As species in duplicated diet and urine samples were determined by using liquid chromatography-ICP mass spectrometry with a hydride generation system. Sum of the concentrations of urinary InAs and methylarsonic acid (MMA) was used as a measure of InAs exposure. Daily dietary InAs exposure was estimated to be 0.087 µg kg^?1 day^?1 (Geometric mean, GM), and GM of urinary InAs+MMA concentrations was 3.5 ng mL^?1. Analysis of covariance did not find gender-difference in regression coefficients as significant (P > 0.05). Regression equation Log ₁₀ [urinary InAs+MMA concentration] = 0.570× Log ₁₀ [dietary InAs exposure level per body weight] + 1.15 was obtained for whole data set. This equation would be valuable in converting urinary InAs concentration to daily InAs exposure, which will be important information in risk assessment.     

芳香烃在简单盐水溶液中ks值的计算

运用分子拓扑理论探讨了芳香烃在简单盐水溶液中盐效应常数ks与芳香烃和盐结构之间的定量关系,提出了新的拓扑指数,给出了新的计算方法,也计算了盐效应常数ks 的各种理论值,并与实验值进行了比较,证实了新方法的计算值最接近实际.     

水溶液中盐的浓度与其电导率的关系研究

采用电导法研究了水溶液中盐的浓度与其电导率的关系。结果表明 ,在低浓度范围内电导率与浓度的平方根呈线性关系 ;在较高的浓度范围内 ,首次发现浓度与电导率的关系和 Langmuir吸附等温式中的压力与吸附量之间的关系类似。利用浓度与电导率间的定量关系确定水溶液中盐的浓度 ,比传统的重量法和滴定法快速且准确。     

青岛东风盐场中极端嗜盐古细菌的特性

从青岛东风盐场分离到3株嗜盐古细菌（编号：ZDA－1,ZDA－2和ZDA－5）,细胞为多形态杆状（0．7～15μm×2．0～50μm）,最适生长NaCl浓度为3．4mol／L,含有甘油二醚脂,类胡萝卜素色素和极性脂TGD－2（三糖基二醚脂）,x（C＋C）分别为63．7％,62．7％,和64．3％,据此,这3株菌可归入嗜盐小盒苗属（Hchoarcula）;但它们不水解淀粉,明胶不液化,不水解酪蛋白等生理生化特性不同于该属中现已正式承认的两个种,因此,本工作分离的3株菌可能是嗜盐小盒菌属一个新种.