Si对盐胁迫下水稻根系活力、丙二醛和营养元素含量的影响(Effects of Si on the Index of Root Activity, MDA Content and Nutritional Elements Uptake of Rice under Salt Stress)

为深入了解盐胁迫下外源硅(Si)对水稻生长的作用,采用溶液培养法研究了外源Si对盐(NaCl)胁迫下野生型水稻和硅突变体水稻(不能正常吸收Si)营养元素和生理指标的影响.结果表明:1)外源Si可显著提高盐胁迫下两种水稻的生物量.当NaCl的浓度为100mmol·L-1时,添加1.0mmol·L-1的Si可使野生型水稻茎叶和根系干重提高12.81%和15.25%,硅突变体水稻茎叶干重提高12.31%.2)外源Si可提高盐胁迫下两种水稻茎叶和根系中营养元素含量,降低Na的含量.3)外源Si可显著降低盐胁迫下野生型水稻叶片MDA含量,但对突变体水稻叶片MDA含量影响不大.4)外源Si可显著提高盐胁迫下两种水稻的根系活力.盐胁迫下,与不加Si的对照相比,添加1.0mmol·L-1的Si可分别使野生型和突变体水稻根系活力指数提高60.47%和42.42%.     

Impacts of de-icing salt pollution on urban road greenspace: a case study of Beijing

De-icing salt contamination of urban soil and greenspace has been a common issue of concern in many countries for years. In the 2009/2010 winter, Beijing experienced a contamination accident resulting from the overuse of deicing salt, reported as almost 30000 tons, which severely damaged urban vegetation alongside roadways. The methods of sampling and rating for both soil contamination and response of the plant populations were developed to rapidly assess this emergency environmental event. Results showed that the shrubs were more severely damaged than the arbors in terms of both degree and extent, as almost all of the surveyed shrubs were severely damaged from the salt contamination, while only about 1/4 of the recorded arbors were rated as ＂severely injured＂ according to the integral plant injury index. The rating of the injury level showed that the trees like Pinus bungeana, Sophora japonica, and the shrubs like Euonymus japonicus, Sabina vulgaris showed less tolerance to de-icing salt pollution. The patterns of vegetation damage demonstrated that the ever-green shrubs alongside roads and the deciduous arbors in the center of roads were most vulnerable to the salt damage.     

溴化1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑对小鼠的肝脏毒性及其作用机制

研究离子液体溴化1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑盐([C₁₄mim]Br)对小鼠的肝脏毒性及其作用机制。实验设立3个剂量的染毒组(1/16 LD₅₀、1/8 LD₅₀、1/4 LD₅₀)和1个空白对照组,考察昆明种小鼠染毒14 d后,[C₁₄mim]Br对小鼠血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化产物的影响,并观察肝脏组织的病理变化。与对照组相比,小鼠染毒后,血清中ALT、AST、DBIL和γ-GT明显升高;肝组织受到不同程度的损伤,HSI增大,蛋白质含量降低。当染毒剂量为1/4 LD₅₀时,肝脏中SOD活性和GSH-Px活性显著降低,MDA的含量则明显增加。实验结果表明,[C₁₄mim]Br可损伤小鼠的肝脏功能,破坏机体的抗氧化防御系统,造成氧化损伤和脂质过氧化。     

基于腐蚀与盐堵塞问题的超临界水氧化研究进展

超临界水氧化(简称SCWO)以其特有的优点成为了引人注目的有机废水处理方法.在操作过程中,有机物与氧化剂呈现为快速的均相反应,在数分钟内便可完全氧化生成CO2和H20.尽管已建造了工业规模的SCWO装置并用于处理化学废水,但该技术所存在的设备腐蚀以及设备因盐沉积而堵塞的问题制约着该技术的推广应用.为解决上述问题,科技工作者对SCWO工艺进行了改进,并提出了多种新颖的SCWO反应器设计思想.综述了基于解决设备腐蚀与盐堵塞问题的SCWO研究进展,并对相关问题进行了讨论.     

基于非洗井情况下地下水样品代表性探讨

将非洗井法采样筛管部位取样的可行性和洗井前后样品代表性作对比,当监测井中地下水流量为0.1 L/min~0.5 L/min时,用微扰动采样器在非洗井情况下采样。洗井前后常规无机离子浓度和5种物理指标的研究对比结果显示,在非洗井情况下用微扰动地下水采样器在筛管部位取样的样品与洗井之后的样品十分接近。6口监测井水中无机离子含量单方向方差分析结果显示,p值0.05(显著性),验证概率FF crit,表明在95%的置信度上可总结为无机化学参数在洗井前后无显著性差异。     

熔盐法去除污泥焚烧灰中磷的效果及热动力学分析

利用碳还原剂和氯化钙熔盐药剂在1100℃下还原污泥焚烧灰中的磷酸盐为气态磷单质并去除,采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)残渣的组成和热重质谱(TGA-MS)分析反应过程.结果表明,添加氯化钙可显著提高污泥焚烧灰除磷效率,氯化钙的最优添加量为25％质量分数,此时污泥焚烧灰除磷效率为82％.XRD结果显示,污泥焚烧灰经熔盐处理后...     

铵盐在典型大气污染过程中的变化特征及来源分析

为了解铵盐在大气中对重污染天气生成的重要作用,于2020年12月26—29日,利用在线单颗粒飞行时间质谱(SPAMS)和在线离子色谱(MARGA),对上海浦东新区一次典型的重污染天气过程进行分析.结果表明:本次污染过程主要与静稳天气下污染物的积聚,尤其是机动车尾气排放的累计效应,以及气态污染物二次转化过程有关.PM_2.5的高污染时段通常伴随着高浓度的硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐,污染过程中NO^-₃、SO■、NH⁺₄最大小时质量浓度分别达到62.3、19.3和26.0μg·m^-3.对ns-NH⁺₄(过量铵根离子物质的量浓度)-NO^-₃之间的回归分析证明,多数情况下浦东大气中氨是富余的.污染高峰时段的主要污染源为机动车尾气源(36.7%)、扬尘源(24.4%)、二次无机源(15.0%),占比升幅最高的污染源为机动车尾气源.     

改性秸秆-铝盐复合絮凝剂的制作与应用

以铝盐、作物秸秆为主要原料,用氢氧化钠、氯乙酸通过碱化和醚化对秸秆进行改性,在一定条件下与铝盐合成了一种新型的无机天然有机复合絮凝剂（定名为SPA）,研究了其对高岭土模拟废水的吸光度和浊度去除性能,并对几个主要影响因素作了考察。结果表明：SPA对该模拟废水有较好的处理效果,5 mL SPA/1 L高岭土悬液的投量就可以获得吸光度和浊度88%以上的去除率,室温即可达到最佳处理效果,且pH值适应范围广,大约为3～9。还进行了SPA和铝盐对市政污水的处理效果的对比分析,试验结果表明：对其出水的吸光度去除率、浊度去除率和SS去除率来说,SPA都比铝盐的处理效果好;SPA对COD的去除效果比铝盐略差,但是在低投量时其COD去除率为65%,可以满足污水初级处理的要求。     

含TMT的高分子整体多孔滤板去除水中铅的研究

制备含有2,4,6-三硫代三聚氰酸钠(TMT)的多孔高分子滤板,测定了该滤板对水溶液中Pb2+的吸附性能。讨论了溶液温度、pH值和流速对吸附性能的影响。结果表明:它对Pb2+具有较高的吸附容量和较快的吸附速度。铅离子的去除率超过90%,高分子滤板经再生实验后可循环使用。     

Migration of inorganic ions from the leachate of the Rio das Ostras landfill: A comparison of three different configurations of protective barriers

Batch tests and diffusion tests were performed to analyze the efficiency of a protective barrier in a landfill consisting of compacted soil with 10% bentonite compared to the results obtained for only compacted soil and for compacted soil covered with a 1-mm-thick HDPE geomembrane; the soil and leachate were collected from the Rio das Ostras Landfill in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The diffusion tests were performed for periods of 3, 10 and 60 days. After the test period, the soil pore water was analyzed and the profiles for chloride, potassium and ammonium were determined along a 6-cm soil depth. The results of the batch tests performed to define sorption parameters were used to adjust the profiles obtained in the diffusion cell experiment by applying an ion transfer model between the interstitial solution and the soil particles. The MPHMTP model (Multi Phase Heat and Mass Transfer Program), which is based upon the solution of the transport equations of the ionic contaminants, was used to solve the inverse problem of simultaneously determining the effective diffusion coefficients. The results of the experimental tests and of the model simulation confirmed that the compacted soil with 10% bentonite was moderately efficient in the retention of chloride, potassium and ammonium ions compared to the configurations of compacted soil with a geomembrane and compacted soil alone, representing a solution that is technically feasible and requires potentially lower costs for implementation in landfills.