塔里木河流域生态安全问题分析

对新疆塔里木河流域1978年以来不同阶段出现的生态安全问题进行了深入分析,从水资源、植被和土地盐渍化、荒漠化等方面详细阐述了该区的生态安全状况,并提出今后该流域生态安全应关注的重点和研究的方向。     

两段生物接触氧化处理高盐度废水试验研究

通过逐步提高有机负荷和盐浓度的方法,驯化出耐高浓度盐的微生物,试验表明：当水产品加工废水中的CI-浓度小于10 000 mg/L时,完全可采用两段生物接触氧化来处理,一段生物接触氧化的容积负荷可达3.0kgCOD/m3.d,二段生物接触氧化的容积负荷可达1.2 kgCOD/m3.d,此法抗冲击、耐盐度、无污泥膨胀,而且对COD、氨氮的去除率分别超过了80%、75%。     

基于数学模型的海平面上升对咸潮上溯的影响

气候变化导致的海平面上升对沿海地区构成极大的威胁,海平面上升已经成为全球重要的环境问题,受到社会各界的高度重视。研究建立了一维动态潮流-含氯度数学模型,计算了海平面上升对咸潮上溯的影响,结果显示:250 mg/L的咸度线随着上游来水频率的增大,咸潮上溯距离明显增大;一定上游来水条件下,随着海平面的上升,咸潮上溯界线向上游方向移动显著。并详细计算了代表口门在海平面上升10 cm、30 cm和60 cm的情况下,咸潮界线的具体上移距离,以期给三角洲地区城市供水、农业灌溉引水等提供理论指导,减轻海平面上升危害,以确保21世纪中国沿海地区资源、环境、经济和社会的可持续发展。     

Tomato microtubule-associated protein end-binding protein 1 (EB1) mediates tolerance to salt stress北大核心CSCD

The dynamics of microtubules is regulated mainly by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and plays an important role in plant development and response to environmental signals. End-binding protein 1 (EB1) is a MAP specially binding to the microtubule plus end. Blast search of tomato genome showed two EB1 genes, which were named as SlEB1a (Solyc03g116370) and SlEB1b (Solyc02g092950) in this study. Transgenic tomato plants over-expressing SlEB1a or RNA interfering both SlEB1a and SlEB1b were constructed, and their sensitivity to microtubule depolymerization drug propyzamide and salt stress were analyzed. In this study, we determined the role of tomato EB1 (SlEB1) in the response to salt stress. Compared to the wild-type control plants, OE plants were more sensitive to 1 μmol/L propyzamide, whereas RNAi plants were more tolerant to 1 μmol/L propyzamide; in contrast, OE plants were more tolerant to 100 mmol/L NaCl, whereas RNAi plants were more sensitive to 100 mmol/L NaCl. Thus, SlEB1 might positively regulate salt stress response by negatively regulating the dynamics of tomato cortical microtubules. This study forms a basis for how cortical microtubule dynamics plays a role in plant response to salt stress. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

两种不同形态的铝盐混凝剂的吸附电中和特征

通过吸附历时过程,饱和吸附量,吸附过程Ｎａ＾＋离子交换释放,絮凝前后高岭土微粒的ζ电位测定等实验考察ＡｌＣｌ３（ＡＣ）和聚合铝两种不同形态的铝盐对高岭土悬浮水样的吸附电中和特征,并探讨了其作用机理。     

生化处理在高盐度皂化废水中的应用

报道了活性的污泥法在处理环氧丙烷生产过程中产生的高盐度皂化废水的成功应用,为同类化工厂处理高盐度皂化废水提供了宝贵的经验。     

一株耐盐嗜热菌Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus H7的分离及其油脂降解特性

针对高盐、高油餐厨垃圾高温堆肥功能菌株缺乏的问题,以大豆油为唯一碳源,通过测定生物量、脂肪酶活性和油脂降解率,从餐厨垃圾堆积处的土壤样品中分离筛选出一株嗜热油脂降解菌H7.通过形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析,对筛选的菌株进行鉴定,考察其耐盐能力、油脂降解和生长特性.结果表明,菌株H7为嗜热嗜气解硫胺素...     

磷石膏改善苏打碱土理化性质效果分析

分析了磷石膏对苏打碱土团聚体稳定性、饱和导水率和盐分淋洗效果的影响.结果表明:水稳定大团聚体质量分数和饱和导水率均随磷石膏施用量的逐渐增加而不断提高,磷石膏施用量达到100%GR时,水稳性大团聚体质量分数从对照的0.03%增加到33.31%,饱和导水率从对照的0.13 mm·d~(-1)提高到3.14 mm·d~(-1);出流液电导率和pH均随磷石膏施用量的增加而降低,磷石膏施用量达到100%GR时,出流液电导率和pH分别从对照的8.85 mS·cm~(-1)和10.26降低到3.46mS·cm~(-1)和9.83.因此,磷石膏对苏打碱土理化性质的改良效果十分显著.     

盐胁迫下外源硅对硅突变体与野生型水稻种子萌发的影响(Effects of Silicon on the Germination of Si Mutant Rice and Wild Rice Seeds under Salt Stress)

为深入了解盐胁迫下外源硅(Si)对水稻种子萌发的作用,采用溶液培养法研究了外源Si对盐胁迫下野生型和硅突变体水稻(不能正常吸收Si)种子萌发各指标的影响.结果表明,随着NaCl浓度的提高(0～150mmol·L-1),两种水稻的芽长、发芽势、发芽率均不断降低.在150mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,野生型和硅突变体水稻的芽长分别为0.33cm和0.55cm,仅为对照的8.0%和11.1%;发芽率仅为对照的29.7%和53.7%;发芽势则分别降低至0%和2%.外源Si可以提高盐胁迫下两种水稻的发芽指标,且对硅突变体水稻的影响显著大于野生型水稻.2mmol·L-1Si浸种+2mmol·L-1Si处理可使野生型水稻芽长、芽重和发芽率分别比对照增加127.27%、169.23%和55.17%,发芽势则由对照时的0%提高至23.33%;硅突变体水稻芽长、芽重和发芽率分别比对照增加307.27%、285.71%和80.29%,发芽势则由对照时的2%提高至82.22%.     

Study of fluxing in Al refining process by rotary and crucible furnaces

The process used to obtain recycled Al alloys depends on the scrap quality. Rotary furnaces are normally used in Europe as they allow a great productivity and they can process low quality scrap using a salt flux to protect the molten metal from oxidation. In this article, the effect of the quantity of salt on the metal recovery has been experimentally investigated by melting several types of scrap under a mixture of NaCl–KCl–Na₃AlF₆ salts. The quantity of salt has been related to the salt factor (SF), which is the ratio between the non-metallic content in the scrap and the quantity of salt required. The same levels of salt factor have been tested by melting the scrap in rotary and crucible furnaces. The metal recovery increases with the salt content for both furnaces. The results obtained with the different melting processes are comparable because the yield difference is similar considering different salt factors. Crucible furnace gives greater metal recovery but it cannot replace rotary furnace in Al refining industry due to lower melting capacity. However, the results highlight that the optimisation of the Al refining process can be supported by preliminary tests through crucible furnaces reducing the time and material consumptions.