Wet and dry epoch durations of spatially averaged rain rate,their probability distributions and scaling properties

This article is concerned with the notion of duration of wet and dry epochs in stochastic processes of spatially averaged (instantaneous) rain rate over a given region. Gamma, Lognormal, and Inverse Gaussian parametric families of probability distributions have been considered as candidate models for the distribution of such durations. Goodness of these model's fit to data of dry and wet epoch durations obtained from real time series of spatially averaged rain rate, has been tested with Pearson's -test. The parameters of each of these models have been estimated by maximum likelihood and method of moments, based on TOGA-COARE measurements of tropical rainfall. The hypotheses of independence and identical distribution (i.i.d.) among durations of dry or wet epochs have also been tested using a certain version of the Wald-Wolfowitz test. Finally, the effect of spatial scale on the moments of dry and wet epoch durations has also been investigated, pointing to self-similarity of the underlying random structures over space. The main result of this study is that among the three candidate models, Inverse Gaussian is the one conforming most adequately with all the classical testing criteria implemented here, and also with the newly established scaling behavior of both dry and wet epoch duration processes over space. This is a remarkable finding, considering that the Inverse Gaussian family has recently been also justified from a theoretical viewpoint as a reasonable model for the probability distributions of dry and wet epoch durations.     

我国自然保护区生态旅游存在问题分析

通过对2006年自然保护区建设管理基本情况调查和2008年自然保护区生态旅游专项问卷调查得到的数据进行分析,立足我国自然保护区生态旅游发展现状,从自然保护区生态旅游涉及的宏观决策管理,保护区管理机构,保护区与社区、旅游经营者、游客、生态环境的关系6个方面,系统地分析目前我国自然保护区生态旅游存在问题,并提出相应对策.     

新疆农业生态环境面临的问题与保护措施

新疆农业生态环境面临的主要问题有两大类:一类问题为生态问题;另一类问题为环境污染问题。简要介绍了新疆农业生态环境面临的生态问题,重点介绍了新疆农业生态环境面临的环境污染问题。针对新疆农业生态环境存在的问题,提出了相应的保护措施。     

社会主义新农村建设与农村生态环境问题

社会主义新农村建设是我们党在新时期着手解决“三农”问题的重大举措,它是我国农村改革开放以来第二次重大的变革,目标明确,任务艰巨。长期以来,我国农业生产总体水平不高,为求得更多的农牧业生产量,而牺牲了生态环境,其代价异常沉重。城镇发展过渡靠农业、城乡经济二元结构矛盾日益尖锐,反应在生态环境上更为突出。治理农业生态环境问题,已成为社会主义新农村建设的重要课题。     

农用地土壤环境监测现场采样、制备及注意事项

土壤环境对农业生产、人类健康和土壤资源的安全性具有重要而深远的影响,随着土壤农业资源的持续开发,土壤环境受到的农药、化肥、石油等污染日益恶化.阐述了农用地土壤环境监测现场采样和制备过程,同时提出了注意事项,并对土壤环境监测面临的问题提出对策与建议.     

Attitudes About Recreation, Environmental Problems, and Estuarine Health Along the New Jersey Shore, USA

/ Management of ecosystems has advanced by an improvement in our understanding not only of how ecosystems function, but of how people perceive their functioning and what they consider to be environmental problems within those systems. Central to such management is understanding how people view estuaries. In this article I explore the perceptions and attitudes of people about coastal recreation, environmental problems, and future land use along the New Jersey shore (USA) by interviewing people who attended a duck decoy and craft show on Barnegat Bay. The people who were interviewed engaged in more days of fishing than any other recreational activity and engaged in camping the least. There were significant differences in recreational rates as a function of gender and location of residence, with men hunting and fishing more than women and photographing less than women. Jet skis were perceived as the most severe environmental problem, with chemical pollution, junk, oil runoff and overfishing as second level problems. Birds were perceived as not an environmental problem at all. Fishing, hiking, preservation, and camping ranked as the highest preferred future land uses for the two sites examined (Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, Naval Weapons Station Earle). The preferred future land uses for these two sites, which are not under consideration for land-use changes, were very similar to those of people living near the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina, despite the media attention and considerations of nuclear storage.KEY WORDS: Recreation; Perceptions; Environmental problem; Gender; Land use; Coastal     

论省级生态环境保护督察制度的完善

中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅在2019年出台了《中央生态环境保护督察工作规定》,将省级生态环境保护督察制度法治化,并提出常态化实施的要求。作为一项新的改革举措,省级生态环境保护督察在实践中面临许多问题,照搬中央生态环境保护督察的形式难以取得明显实效,存在定位不准、措施不当、保障不力等问题。为此,要在明确督察的内涵和作用方式的基础上,从做好中央生态环境保护督察的补充和延伸的角度出发,提出省级生态环境保护督察的定位、工作程序要点和配套制度建设的需求,为下一步地方完善生态环境保护督察制度提供指导。     

高职学生心理健康现状及对策研究

职业教育已经引起了全社会前所未有的关注,大力推进高职学生的心理健康教育工作是高职院校的一项重要任务。针对高职学生自卑、缺乏信心、自我封闭、家庭教育缺失较普遍的现象,提出要把心理健康教育纳入高职院校正规的教育体系,丰富学生的业余文化生活,把学校教育和家庭教育相结合的办法。