Closing the Incentive Gap: The Role of Public and Private Actors in Governing Indonesia's Tuna Fisheries

Indonesia is one of the world's largest tuna producing countries, yet regulatory oversight remains weak and management is poor. Incentive-based approaches are a way to improve state-based resource management, but they often require strong government regulation. In this paper, we use principal–agent theory and the notion of the ‘incentive gap’ to explore how incentives could be brought to bear in Indonesia through a combination of private and public actors. With a shared fish stock like tuna, we argue that a double principal–agent problem emerges, where information, asymmetries between various players complicate management. We focus on the problems of adverse selection and moral hazard in three different tuna fisheries in Indonesia to identify the nature of the incentive gap, and comment on the mix of public and private actors currently engaged in tuna fishery governance towards reducing the gap. The double principal–agent problem is a useful yet underutilized framework to understand the dynamics of shared stocks management. In this first application to a developing country fishery, we conclude that information asymmetries cannot be overcome without the involvement of private actors, who are increasingly becoming important in aligning regional and global objectives with those of fishers themselves.     

Vehicle routing for the eco-efficient collection of household plastic waste

Plastic waste is a special category of municipal solid waste. Plastic waste collection is featured with various alternatives of collection methods (curbside/drop-off) and separation methods (source-/post-separation). In the Netherlands, the collection routes of plastic waste are the same as those of other waste, although plastic is different than other waste in terms of volume to weight ratio. This paper aims for redesigning the collection routes and compares the collection options of plastic waste using eco-efficiency as performance indicator. Eco-efficiency concerns the trade-off between environmental impacts, social issues and costs. The collection problem is modeled as a vehicle routing problem. A tabu search heuristic is used to improve the routes. Collection alternatives are compared by a scenario study approach. Real distances between locations are calculated with MapPoint. The scenario study is conducted based on real case data of the Dutch municipality Wageningen. Scenarios are designed according to the collection alternatives with different assumptions in collection method, vehicle type, collection frequency and collection points, etc. Results show that the current collection routes can be improved in terms of eco-efficiency performance by using our method. The source-separation drop-off collection scenario has the best performance for plastic collection assuming householders take the waste to the drop-off points in a sustainable manner. The model also shows to be an efficient decision support tool to investigate the impacts of future changes such as alternative vehicle type and different response rates.     

危险废物焚烧处置项目竣工环境保护验收监测要点

对危险废物焚烧处置项目竣工环境保护验收监测中尚需明确的要点进行了剖析,并从入炉危废种类及比例、焚烧量的控制、助燃剂加入量、空气过剩系统的把握,以及安全管理检查要点等方面,提出相应的解决办法。     

水污染源在线监测系统常见问题及核查方法研究

在近两年环保执法检查和调研的基础上,归纳了水污染源在线监测系统在采样、分析、数据采集传输和运行维护等方面常见的问题,进行分析,逐一提出核查方法,为现场核查提供参考,有利于水污染源在线监测系统的应用。     

新疆城市环境空气PM_(10)自动监测仪器质控巡检工作探析

随着城市环境空气质量自动监测业务现代化的飞速发展,新疆城市共安装38套PM10环境空气自动监测系统。本文通过对新疆19个城市空气自动监测系统PM10的巡检和质控考核,发现近几年来该系统运行维护中的诸多问题,从而提出仪器维护注意事项,以期提高新疆城市PM10监测数据质量,准确反映环境空气质量状况,为环境管理和政府决策提供更加科学、准确、可靠的基础监测数据。     

树木年轮年代学及其在环境研究中的应用概况

本文简述了树木年轮年代学中的一些基本概念及近年来树木年轮分析在检测大气CO_2浓度变化,植物对大气CO_2增多反应和空气污染变化等领域的研究情况.     

干旱和半干旱荒漠矿区环境问题与治理对策

介绍了我国西部干旱和半干旱荒漠地区的煤炭在长期的开发活动中引发的一系列的环境问题。通过对这些问题的分析，提出了系统性、持续性的环境保护对策，以使荒漠矿区的环境得到持续性改善，实现可持续发展。     

石油污染物在土壤中的环境行为研究进展

土壤的石油污染问题已成为全球面临的重要环境问题之一.研究石油污染物在土壤中的环境行为,有助于准确了解其在环境中的归宿以及评价污染土壤对生态系统和人类健康的危害.本文综述了土壤中石油污染物的危害及其存在状态,全面分析了石油污染物在土壤中的吸附/解吸、挥发、渗滤及自然降解等环境行为,并提出了该研究领域存在的问题以及今后的发...     

对防震减灾工作依法行政的探讨

《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》等一系列法律、规章的出台实施,规范了防震减灾的管理体制、行政执法,并将地震部门作为行政主体推向了依法行政的前沿。笔者结合自己在行政办事中心“窗口”的工作实际,对防震减灾依法行政工作的特点和存在问题进行一些简单的探讨。     

我国火电厂烟气脱硫产业化发展建议

针对我国投运、在建、拟建火电厂烟气脱硫装置的工艺应用、工程设计及总承包能力、设备本地化率、产业化管理等状况进行了分析.指出我国火电厂烟气脱硫产业化存在的问题主要表现在:脱硫市场化发展滞后于市场需求;引进脱硫技术与掌握脱硫技术之间还有较大差距;关键设备的国产化应用仍没有大的突破;缺乏系统性的脱硫工程设计、制造、施工、安装、调试、验收标准、规范;重复、盲目引进脱硫技术;脱硫公司参差不齐;脱硫市场无序、低价竞争;脱硫设备与机组同步投运率不高;投运后存在诸多问题;石灰石供应有潜在问题等.提出整顿烟气脱硫市场,开展火电厂烟气脱硫设备后评估,优选脱硫工艺,继续加大政策支持力度,建立健全烟气脱硫技术规范体系,加强行业自律等建议.