From unknown problem to an acknowledged local environmental problem – a case of polluted soil in the city of Helsinki

The article focuses on the administrative processes and factors that have been constructing polluted soil as an environmental problem on the local level. The main questions are how polluted soil was constructed as an environmental problem and by whom? The research material consists of documents from the municipality's administration, and the method of analysis is qualitative content analysis. Finally, it is argued that the definition of the problem radically changed in 20 years. However, there was a noticeable institutional delay between the national- and local-level decision-making and some randomness seemed to be involved in the process of understanding and defining the environmental problem.     

人工湿地水处理技术研究进展存在问题与改进

论述了人工湿地技术的除污机理和影响因素,并介绍了目前该技术所存在的问题,同时针对问题提出了相应的解决方法。     

我国消防工程专业学历教育前景和亟待解决的问题

随着社会对公共安全的重视,对消防工程人才提出了更高的要求,培养高素质消防工程专业人才已成为保障社会经济发展的重要课题之一。消防工程专业学历教育是培养专业消防人才的主要途径。笔者回顾了国内外消防工程专业学历教育的发展历程,分析其现状,展望了我国消防工程专业学历教育的发展前景,研讨和总结了目前我国消防工程专业学历教育中在培养目标、课程建设、实验建设、教材建设、招生就业等方面存在的问题,结合中南大学消防工程专业学历教育的实践,针对学历教育中存在问题,提出建设性的意见。     

Upscaling heterogeneity in aquifer reactivity via the exposure-time concept: inverse model

A novel inverse technique is proposed to quantitatively characterize macroscopic variability in aquifer reactivity in a Lagrangian representation. Reactivity heterogeneity is expressed in terms of distributions of flux over cumulative time of exposure of the solution to reactive surface area, termed here 'cumulative reactivity'. In cases involving single aqueous species the combined effects of physical and reactivity heterogeneity on reactive solute transport can often be established and further investigated through joint distributions of flux over travel time and cumulative reactivity. The inverse technique requires the breakthrough curve of a passive tracer to determine the distribution of flux over travel time, and additional breakthrough curves of reactive tracers provide additional moments of the distribution of flux over cumulative reactivity given travel time. Thus breakthroughs of one passive and two reactive tracers can provide the mean and variance of the distribution of flux over cumulative reactivity. This Lagrangian characterization is achieved with knowledge of the types of reactive surfaces present, but not their spatial locations. The distributions can subsequently be applied via forward modeling using the same technique to predict breakthrough curves of other solutes undergoing first-order reactions in similar physically and chemically heterogeneous configurations.     

文山州环境保护对策研究

针对文山州存在的主要环境问题，结合文山州社会经济发展实际情况及自然环境和污染分布特点，提出相应的环境保护对策。     

城市近郊农村生态环境问题浅析

近郊农村受城市化发展的影响，经济生产方式和社会结构发生了很大的变化，原有的循环系统被打破，产生了一系列的环境问题。生活废水任意排放、垃圾堆放无序、不合理的使用农药化肥等因素造成的面源污染已经成为我国农村环境污染的主要成因。本文以成都市金牛区为例，分析近郊农村存在的主要环境问题，并提出一些措施建议。     

当前排污费征收中的问题和发展方向

本文针对在2000年“一控双达标”工作后排污费征收中出现的问题，提出了相应的解决办法，同时对排污费今后的发展作了简要阐述。     

对风险投资中若干问题的探析

风险投资或称为风险资本、创业资本,是指以股权、准股权或具有附带条件的债仅形式投资于新颖或未经试用技术项目或未来具有高度不确定性的项目,并愿意为所投资的项目或企业提供管理或经营服务,期望通过项目的高成长率并最终以某种方式出售产权以取得高额中长期收益的一种投资方式.风险投资经过了将近20 a发展,从发展实践看,还是比较慢的,与国外先进的风险投资业相比,我国的风险投资业还存在着许多方面的问题急需解决.本文针对风险投资中现存的问题,对风险投资中的组织形式的选择、政府的定位、融资的解决、人才的管理及资本退出机制的确定等问题进行了探讨,并提出了相应的解决方法.     

2010-2013年贵州省集中式饮用水源地环境状况评估

以逐年评估报告为基础,分析评估了2010-2013年贵州省集中式饮用水源地环境状况变化。结果表明：4年间,贵州省集中式饮用水源地水质状况一直处于稳定状态;环境管理逐年加强。分析了存在的问题,提出了对策建议。     

审视目前的环境影响评价

现行环境影响报告书虽已不堪重负,但环评仅仅作为取得行政手续一纸文书的作用仍然十分明显。环评中还有很多问题受到各方质疑,基层环评人员存在普遍的迷茫。环评对控制项目最终的污染影响到底有多大的作用?环评的数据和结论为什么常常遭到怀疑?公众对环评、企业和政府为什么缺乏信任?本文以基层普通环评人员的视角,概述目前中国环评的情状和疑议,分析以前少有讨论但实际上普遍存在的问题和症结,并试图提出一些改进建议。