昆明交通运输碳排放特征与问题解析

交通运输作为能源消耗重点领域,其二氧化碳排放对温室效应的贡献日益增大。针对昆明交通发展现状,根据IPCC国家温室气体排放计算清单指南,研究和修正昆明本地碳排放系数,估算昆明交通领域能源消耗及碳排放现状。目前,昆明交通运输存在问题是:交通运输以公路方式为主;交通能源消耗结构单一,碳排放以公路机动车为主;交通运输碳排放总量持续上升,人均碳排放量稳定增长;交通管理和保障系统不健全,现代交通意识薄弱。通过首次开展的昆明交通运输碳排放调查,将为昆明低碳交通、低碳城市建设提供数据支撑及合理化建议。     

A GIS Approach to Model Sediment Reduction Susceptibility of Mixed Sand and Gravel Beaches

The morphological form of mixed sand and gravel beaches is distinct, and the process/response system and complex dynamics of these beaches are not well understood. Process response models developed for pure sand or gravel beaches cannot be directly applied to these beaches. The Canterbury Bight coastline is apparently abundantly supplied with sediments from large rivers and coastal alluvial cliffs, but a large part of this coastline is experiencing long-term erosion. Sediment budget models provide little evidence to suggest sediments are stored within this system. Current sediment budget models inadequately quantify and account for the processes responsible for the patterns of erosion and accretion of this coastline. We outline a new method to extrapolate from laboratory experiments to the field using a geographical information system approach to model sediment reduction susceptibility for the Canterbury Bight. Sediment samples from ten representative sites were tumbled in a concrete mixer for an equivalent distance of 40 km. From the textural mixture and weight loss over 40 km tumbling, we applied regression techniques to generate a predictive equation for Sediment Reduction Susceptibility (SRS). We used Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) to extrapolate the results from fifty-five sites with data on textural sediment composition to field locations with no data along the Canterbury Bight, creating a continuous sediment reductions susceptibility surface. Isolines of regular SRS intervals were then derived from the continuous surface to create a contour map of sediment reductions susceptibility for the Canterbury Bight. Results highlighted the variability in SRS along this coastline.     

河北省农村土地流转与农村养老现状的实证研究

农村养老体系的有效建立,离不开农村最重要的土地资源,如何利用农村土地来优化农村养老体系,提升养老质量,就显得尤为重要。针对这一课题,笔者通过河北省农村基层建设年活动,对河北省不同县市的10个村500个农户进行了调查,查找农村土地流转和农村养老面临的问题和困境,并针对当前农村养老体系不健全,新旧养老保障模式衔接不畅和农村土地流转水平低下、流转形式单一的现状,提出农村土地制度的改革要为农村养老提供资金支持,要为新旧农村养老保障体系的转变提供便利的宏观建议。     

嘉兴市印染行业中水回用率影响因素及对策研究

对嘉兴市3类印染企业中水回用率影响因素进行了全面调查,并对废水排放量大的化纤印染企业开展了典型调查.结果表明:嘉兴市印染企业共354家,小型企业占65.3％,微型企业占16.1％.化纤印染企业占57.6％,其原料和助剂用量最大,废水排放量最高.不同染色工艺中,溢流染色工艺COD产污系数最大,31家化纤印染、22家棉印染...     

First Step for an Ecological Risk Assessment to Evaluate the Impact of Diffuse Pollution in Lake Vela (Portugal)

Lake Vela, located in the Portuguese littoral-centre, is a temperate shallow lake exhibiting a high trophic status. This aquatic ecosystem has been potentially exposed to contamination generated by agricultural and livestock activities held in their drainage basin, which seriously compromise their health. This work summarizes some background information and presents the problem formulation step of the ERA. Therefore, it evaluates the characteristics of the stressor(s), describes the ecological system and receptors and suggests a conceptual model, which predicts the potential exposure pathways, relating suspected sources to the defined endpoints. This introductory step also described an analysis plan on the entire study, which includes a delineation of the assessment design, data needs, measures, and methods for conducting the analysis phase of the risk assessment process.     

锅炉排污问题重要性的探讨

通过具体的计算,给出了关于锅炉排污的具体的量化数据,以此分析如何更加科学的设计排污装置,以指导具体的设计和使用锅炉设备。     

高效液相色谱法检测与化感现象相关的5种酚酸

建立了香草酸、对羟基苯甲酸、丁香酸、香豆酸和阿魏酸等5种酚酸的高效液相色谱测定方法,利用本方法在土壤溶液和残茬腐解产物中进行5种酚酸的检测,结果表明,大豆生长一段时间后,在灭菌土壤中、未灭菌土壤中和不同茬口的土壤中,均检测到丁香酸,在残茬腐解产物中检测到香草酸、丁香酸、香豆酸和阿魏酸。     

Developing a chaotic pattern of dynamic risk definition for solving hazardous material routing-locating problem

In the case of determining routes and locations for constructing distribution centers on hazardous materials (Hazmat) transportation, risk and cost are considered as the main attributes for developing mathematical models. Since, Hazmat transport risk may be defined as a chaotic factor, using dynamic risk changes the selected routes and optimized locations for constructing distribution centers.In the present paper, an iterative procedure has been proposed to determine the best routes and optimized locations of distribution centers for transporting hazardous materials based on the concept of chaos theory in which hazmat transport risk is defined as a dynamic variable. A mathematical model has been developed for solving Hazmat routing and locating problems, simultaneously. Daily transport risk, defined as a chaotic variable, is iteratively updated using one-dimensional logistic map equation over the time period (year). An experimental road network, consists of eighty nine nodes and one hundred and three two-way edges, has been selected for analytical process and model validation. Results revealed that although different amounts of risk and cost priorities change optimized locations of distribution centers and their associated supplies, but the most frequent set of optimized centers remains independent. Therefore, the proposed procedure is capable to determine the best routes and optimized locations for distributing hazardous materials. While risk is iteratively updated over a specific time period, results show that the main property of chaos theory known as dependency upon initial condition would not be a serious concern for decision makers who are dealing with Hazmat management.     

我国企业培训面临的问题及对策

分析了当前我国企业培训面临的问题,提出了相应的解决措施。     

瓦房店市水环境质量存在的问题分析及对策研究

随着经济发展,城镇建设和工业生产不断扩大,城市工业及生活中用水量急剧增长的同时,污水的排放量也随之增加。城市水环境在城市发展中具有生活与生产、防洪排涝、生态和景观以及文化娱乐等功能,但水体污染造成的水质恶化,会使城市水环境失去生态功能,制约着城市居民的生存和健康发展,水污染环境已对人类社会的可持续发展带来严重威胁。因此,水环境质量评价也成为环境质量评价中的一项重要内容。文章从瓦房店市地表水、地下水两方面进行分析,得出城市水环境质量存在的问题,并提出水环境污染防治对策。