振动落砂机噪声和粉尘的控制

本文结合沈阳水泥机械厂铸造车间二台１０ｔ振动落砂机噪声、粉尘治理，阐述了落砂机振动、噪声及粉尘飞扬的特点，控制原理、主要措施、治理效果．     

The cost of success: reproductive effort in male southern elephant seals (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mirounga leonina</Emphasis>)

Reproductive effort is a key parameter of life history because it measures the resources allocated to reproduction at the expense of growth and maintenance. Male reproductive effort always had a minor role with respect to female effort both in the development of theories and in field research. Elephant seals are an ideal subject for reproductive effort studies because they fast during the breeding season, splitting the phase of energy acquisition from the phase of energy use for breeding. In this paper, we present results on male reproductive effort (weight loss estimated by photogrammetry) in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), the most dimorphic and polygynous of all mammal species. We show that total reproductive effort increases with age, with no sign of late decrease or senescence. Male reproductive effort in this species depends mostly on behavioral factors, i.e., the success in competition with other males, and the intensity of interaction with females. A large effort results in large gains in both mating success and fertilizations. The large reproductive success that a few males are able to achieve come at a big cost in terms of energy expenditure, but this cost does not seem to affect the likelihood of survival to the following breeding season.     

Long-term climate variability at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant,southeastern New Mexico,USA

The United States Department of Energy is developing the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in southeastern New Mexico for the disposal of transuranic wastes generated by defense programs. Because changes in climate during the next 10,000 years (10 ka) may affect performance of the repository, an understanding of long-term climate variability is essential for evaluating regulatory compliance. Fluctuations in global climate corresponding to glaciation and deglaciation of the northern hemisphere have been regular in both frequency and amplitude for at least 780 ka. Coolest and wettest conditions in the past have occurred at the WIPP during glacial maxima, when the North American ice sheet reached its southern limit roughly 1200 km north of the WIPP and deflected the jet stream southward. Average precipitation in southeastern New Mexico during the last glacial maximum 22-18 ka before present (BP) was approximately twice that of the present. Driest conditions (precipitation approximately 90% of present) occurred 6.5-4.5 ka BP, after the ice sheet had retreated to its present location. Wet periods of unknown duration have occurred since the retreat of the ice sheet, but none have exceeded glacial conditions. Global climate models suggest that anthropogenic climate changes (i.e., warming caused by an increased greenhouse effect) will not result in an increase in precipitation at the WIPP. The climate of the last glacial maximum is therefore suitable for use as a cooler and wetter limit for variability during the next 10 ka.     

煤层瓦斯压力测定中的钻孔注浆新技术研究

为简化复杂地质条件下测定煤层瓦斯压力的工序并提高高压注浆的成功率和可靠性,以达到准确、快速测量瓦斯压力的效果,基于胶囊注水封孔器的原理和特性及高压注浆的现场情况,提出了一种新型的注浆方法。通过钻孔注浆模型的建立和数值分析、模拟,发现新式注浆工艺可满足10 MPa的注浆压力,能有效封堵钻孔中的裂隙。现场对比实验证明新式注浆方法较传统注浆方法减少了工序,提高了安全性和可操作性,节省时间约35 h。新型注浆方法在复杂地质条件下可提高测压工作整体的效率。     

A simulation study of the medium-term effects of field patterns on cross-pollination rates in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Gene flow between cultivars within a landscape may lead to impurities that reduce harvest value. In OSR, as for most crops, impurity rates are expected to depend on the spatial distribution of crops over the landscape. However, in contrast to other well-studied crops such as maize, OSR crops generate seed banks in European agro-ecosystems. Gene flow is thus a spatio-temporal process which depends on cropping systems. We therefore aimed at identifying spatial variables that have an effect on regional or local harvest impurities, taking account of the time since the introduction of OSR crops in the regions and of cropping system. Gene flow was simulated over 36 field patterns cultivated with either 15% or 30% of OSR fields, among which 10% or 50% were GM, for three contrasted cropping systems, with the GeneSys software already used for EU co-existence studies. Through regression analyses, we determined spatial and agronomic factors that most affected harvest impurity rates of non-GM OSR after one or seven years of OSR cultivation. The cropping system was the main factor explaining regional harvest impurity rates. Its importance increased after six years of OSR cultivation. For a given cropping system, the regional impurity rate after one year increased linearly with the current proportion of GM crop. In contrast, impurity rates after six years largely depended on the proportions of OSR crop (GM or not) in the two preceding years. During the first year of OSR cultivation, local impurity rates were mostly explained by the distance to the closest GM field. After six years, these rates were mostly explained by the density of GM volunteers in the analysed field and, to a lesser degree, to that of volunteers in neighbour non-OSR fields. Cropping systems were most important in determining impurity rates and the way impurity rates related to regional or local factors. Determination of isolation distances to ensure harvest purity should thus consider past history of OSR cultivation in the area and, in particular, how current or future cropping systems will manage volunteers. Regression quantiles were fitted to the simulated data to determine regional rules (i.e. the maximum regional area of GM OSR and isolation distances between GM and non-GM crops) as a function of the risk accepted by the decision-maker (i.e. the % of situations exceeding harvest impurity thresholds), the cropping system and the volunteer infestation.     

三种可磨耗封严涂层的抗腐蚀性能

目的研究AHБ,CuAl/NiC和NiCrAl/NiC三种可磨耗涂层的抗腐蚀性能。方法对三种涂层试样进行盐雾试验、湿热试验和浸泡试验,并结合电化学测试分析不同涂层试样的抗腐蚀性能。结果 545 h的盐雾试验后,AHБ涂层的表面出现了一处微裂纹,CuAl/NiC涂层表明出现了涂层剥落现象,NiCrAl/NiC涂层的表面状况相对最好;三种涂层试样经过10个循环的湿热试验后均未见明显的腐蚀现象;经过15 d的浸泡试验后,NiCrAl/NiC涂层的表面状况相对较好,而AHБ涂层和CuAl/NiC涂层的表面状况相对较差;电化学测试结果也表明NiCrAl/NiC涂层的防护性能相对最好。结论 NiCrAl/NiC涂层的抗腐蚀性能相对较高,而AHБ涂层和CuAl/NiC涂层的抗腐蚀性能相对较低。     

耐铅、铜微生物的筛选及吸附性能研究

采用浓度梯度筛选的方法,从重金属污染土壤中分离筛选到两株耐受和吸附铅、铜的细菌G、Y。用单因素的方法得到G最适的培养条件为．T=30℃;pH=6．O;NaCl浓度为0．5％;Y的最适培养条件分别为：T=37℃;pH=8．5;NaCl浓度为0．5％。用原子吸收分光光度法测得,G、Y的冻干菌体对Pb2＋、Cu2＋的吸附量分别为：G铅 126．42mg／g,G铜75mg／g,Y钢61．08mg／g,Y钢45．86mg／g。G湿菌体对铅、铜的吸附率分别为：G铅94．66％,G铜92．84％;Y湿菌体对铅、铜的吸附率分别为：Y铅99．74％,Y铜97．96％。经检测,其遗传性状稳定。可进一步开发为重金属吸附剂。     

The oligopeptides production by the feather-degrading bacterium Bacillus methylotrophicus H0北大核心CSCD

Due to the high nutritive value of oligopeptides and the waste of feather resources, this study aimed at screening efficient strains of bacteria able to rapidly degrade feathers and produce large quantities of value-added oligopeptides. In order to assess the potential yield of oligopeptides, the promising strain H0 was selected from 16 feather-degrading microorganisms. To identify the strain, we analyzed the morphological and physiological characteristics of different strains, and carried out a gene sequence analysis of their 16S rRNAs. A single factor experiment was used to promote feather degradation and oligopeptide production, and the characteristics of the oligopeptides produced were also analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The strain was identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus. The optimal initial pH and temperature for oligopeptide production were 11 and 40 °C, respectively. After 72 h of fermentation under these optimal conditions, the feathers were almost completely degraded, with a 38.19% of oligopeptides (accounting for 67.53% of the total soluble peptides) and a 11.11% of free amino acids produced. LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that the oligopeptides were mainly short peptides containing 5-10 amino acids, with a molecular mass (Mr) of less than 1 300. Moreover, the peptides were abundant in branched-chain amino acids, that might be responsible for the antioxidant property of the feather hydrolysate. Our results demonstrate the great capability of B. methylotrophicus H0 in feather degradation and oligopeptide production. This research provides a high-quality microorganism resource, and the scientific basis for the development of feather-derived oligopeptide products. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.