T型槽密封结构的有限元分析及试验验证

目的通过有限元分析,实现T型密封结构的优化设计。方法利用ABAQUS建立液压系统用T型槽密封结构的二维轴对称模型,分析计算密封结构中过渡圆角、槽宽、倾斜角度等对密封圈应力分布、接触应力的影响,通过设计密封圈老化寿命试验,验证分析结论。结果随着过渡圆角(R0.5～R2)的增大、倾斜角度(10°～3°)的减小,密封圈的局部应力最大值和接触应力均减小。随着槽宽(10～18mm)的增加,密封圈的局部应力最大值逐渐增加,接触应力逐渐减小。分析用密封结构的接触应力均大于密封介质压力0.7 MPa。最终通过试验证实了分析用密封结构均满足密封性能,且不合理的设计会降低密封圈寿命。结论在密封介质压力较小的情况下,建议选用较大的过渡圆角(推荐值为R2),较小的倾斜角度(推荐值为5°～6°)及槽宽(推荐值为密封圈截面直径的1.2～1.5倍)。     

The derivation of radionuclide transfer parameters for and dose-rates to an adult ringed seal (Phoca hispida) in an Arctic environment

Radionuclide transfer parameters and dose-rates for an adult ringed seal from Svalbard have been determined based on empirical and estimated tissue activity concentrations and detailed dietary and habitat information. Whole-body equivalent concentration factors determined for anthropogenic radionuclides ranged from 10(1) ((90)Sr) to 10(2) ((137)Cs, (238)Pu and (239,240)Pu), while natural radionuclides ranged from 10(2) ((210)Pb) to 10(4) ((210)Po). Employing a dietary composition of 40% fish, 40% zooplankton and 20% benthic invertebrates, a whole-body biological half-life of 29 days was derived for (137)Cs. A total dose-rate of approximately 0.19microGyh(-1) (1.7mGya(-1)) was derived for an adult ringed seal; this dose-rate is virtually entirely attributable to the internal components of (210)Po and (40)K. The dose-rates associated with the presence of anthropogenically derived radionuclides in the present assessment fall many orders of magnitude below the dose-rates at which any biological effects would be expected.     

几种电子设备密封失效原因分析及改进措施

对几种电子设备密封失效的原因进行了分析,改进措施经试验验证有效。分析和试验结果表明:车载设备采用敞开式结构有利于空气流动,可有效避免交变湿热试验时设备内部产生积水;有浸渍要求的设备,其表面安装螺孔不宜采用涂胶密封方式;采用端面密封的设备,盖板必须具有足够的刚度才能保证橡胶密封圈压缩量在合理范围之内。     

橡胶密封件加速老化试验影响因素分析及验证

通用的橡胶材料加速老化试验方法未考虑初始压缩率、密封形式、密封介质等工程应用的细节因素。通过一系列对比试验,初步掌握了上述各因素对橡胶密封件加速老化试验结论的影响程度,为工程实践中科学评估装备贮存寿命提供了依据。     

石化设备堵漏安全措施

根据石化系统生产特点及有关规定,结合实际情况,提出了在各种情况下的堵漏安全措施.     

A Bayesian hierarchical model for monitoring harbor seal changes in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Bayesian hierarchical models were used to assess trends of harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, in Prince William Sound, Alaska, following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Data consisted of 4–10 replicate observations per year at 25 sites over 10 years. We had multiple objectives, including estimating the effects of covariates on seal counts, and estimating trend and abundance, both per site and overall. We considered a Bayesian hierarchical model to meet our objectives. The model consists of a Poisson regression model for each site. For each observation the logarithm of the mean of the Poisson distribution was a linear model with the following factors: (1) intercept for each site and year, (2) time of year, (3) time of day, (4) time relative to low tide, and (5) tide height. The intercept for each site was then given a linear trend model for year. As part of the hierarchical model, parameters for each site were given a prior distribution to summarize overall effects. Results showed that at most sites, (1) trend is down; counts decreased yearly, (2) counts decrease throughout August, (3) counts decrease throughout the day, (4) counts are at a maximum very near to low tide, and (5) counts decrease as the height of the low tide increases; however, there was considerable variation among sites. To get overall trend we used a weighted average of the trend at each site, where the weights depended on the overall abundance of a site. Results indicate a 3.3% decrease per year over the time period.     

压缩空气泡沫灭火系统扑救浮顶储罐密封圈火灾的应用研究

分析了密封圈火灾过程及特点,建立了压缩空气泡沫灭火试验装置,参照10×10~4m~3浮顶储罐建立了20 m长的密封圈试验装置,以汽油为介质开展了多次泡沫灭火试验。试验结果表明:该压缩空气泡沫灭火试验装置可在30 s内完成灭火,泡沫混合液供给强度约14~19 L/(min·m~2),具有在大型浮顶储罐上应用的可能性。针对单台10×10~4m~3浮顶储罐浮盘密封圈灭火提出了工程应用方案,该储罐共需泡沫液量1200 L,分为4套压缩空气泡沫灭火装置均匀分布在浮盘边缘,浮盘密封圈火灾报警系统与该泡沫灭火装置联锁启动自动灭火,各套灭火装置的持续喷射时间约1 min。     

Emergency evacuation model assuming leakage of toxic substances in a chemical plant

Preparedness of emergency evacuation for the leakage of toxic substances in chemical plants is very important in order to reduce damage. In order to implement an emergency evacuation properly, it is necessary to comprehensively and concretely determine the conditions of the leakage and atmospheric conditions and predict the consequences of the dispersed gases. Repeated training for emergencies is also essential. In order to realize effective evacuation, a prediction model of the evacuation area that anyone can use to obtain the same results both accurately and promptly is developed in the present study. The prediction model is designed such that the wind speed and atmospheric conditions are automatically set, and the leakage rate is the only input parameter, so that anyone can use the model easily. In addition, the model can also predict the atmospheric parameters for up to 3 h and can calculate the evacuation distance so that smooth evacuation can be achieved for changing atmospheric conditions. Finally, the evacuation area is defined by statistically analysed wind fluctuations, and a series of emergency evacuation measures is implemented.     

污水管道强化通风技术的CFD模拟及现场验证

污水管道通风不畅是管道厌氧产生有害气体并不断富集的主要原因。为此,提出了在上下游建筑立管并设置风机以增强污水管道通风的应对方法,且以西安市某建筑的部分污水管道为例,建立了通风效能的计算流体力学(CFD)模型,并进行了现场实验验证。现场实验结果证明了通风效能和CFD模拟方法的可靠性。模拟结果表明：CFD模拟与实测结果偏差小于7.0%;增强通风量的2.3%通过立管近处检查井孔溢出;所选风机对污水管道的影响区域为510～750 m;风机运行对建筑横支管水封损耗小于国内规定的水封破坏值;风机运行安全可行。以上研究结果可为疏导城市建筑污水管道中的有害气体,控制污水管道安全风险提供参考。     

增压器式超高压水射流切割机产品化体会及展望

作为我国高压水射流切割机的第一个产品即“大地水刀”,已进入市场两年多了。笔者以此为背景,介绍增压器式水切割机的超高压发生器及切割部分;讨论其主要部件、零件结构设计及关键技术。尤其在产业化中,对高压缸体疲劳寿命和高压动密封可靠性等问题解决方案作深入探讨;给出在相关技术方面近期的发展。最后,结合我国水切割机技术的提高和推广,提出初步的看法和建议。