增压器式超高压水射流切割机产品化体会及展望

作为我国高压水射流切割机的第一个产品即“大地水刀”,已进入市场两年多了。笔者以此为背景,介绍增压器式水切割机的超高压发生器及切割部分;讨论其主要部件、零件结构设计及关键技术。尤其在产业化中,对高压缸体疲劳寿命和高压动密封可靠性等问题解决方案作深入探讨;给出在相关技术方面近期的发展。最后,结合我国水切割机技术的提高和推广,提出初步的看法和建议。     

飞机密封防水新技术研究

针对我国飞机传统密封防水方法存在的主要问题,提出了道轨式密封带与胶体密封剂相结合的密封防水方法,并应用于3个机型9个关键对接部位的密封防水改进。密封防水试验结果表明,该方法具有优良的密封防水性能,能达到“滴水不漏”的效果,适用于对飞机各种口盖、活动构件、连接部位、螺栓孔等存在缝隙的结构部位进行密封防水。     

Effects of methyl-, phenyl-, ethylmercury and mercurychlorid on immune cells of harbor seals （Phoca vitulina）

Mercury (Hg) is present in the marine environment as a natural metal often enhanced through human activities. Depending on its chemical form, Hg can cause a wide range of immunotoxic e ects. In this study, the influence of methyl-, ethyl- and phenylmercury as well as mercurychloride on immune functions was evaluated. Two parameters of cellular immunity, proliferation and mRNA cytokine expression of interleukin-2, -4, and transforming growth factor , were investigated in harbor seal lymphocytes after in vitro exposure to Hg compounds. While all Hg compounds had a suppressive e ect on proliferation, di erences between juvenile and adult seals were found. Lymphocytes from juveniles showed a higher susceptibility to the toxic e ect compared to lymphocytes from adults. Furthermore, the degree of inhibition of proliferation varied among the four Hg compounds. The organic compounds seem to be more immunotoxic than the inorganic compound. Finally, for the cytokine expression of methylmercury-incubated lymphocytes, timedependent changes were observed, but no dose-dependency was found. Marine mammals of the North Sea are burdened with Hg, and lymphocytes of harbor seals may be functionally impaired by this metal. The present in vitro study provides baseline information for future studies on the immunotoxic e ects of Hg on cellular immunity of harbor seals.     

抽油机减速箱漏油的危害与现场治理

针对抽油机减速箱漏油的危害及现状,分析了影响抽油机减速箱漏油的主要原因,介绍了现场治理方法及取得的效果.     

核电厂密封段加速寿命试验研究

堆芯中子注量率测量系统是30万千瓦核电厂监测系统的重要组成部分之一。该系统中的密封段要在工作温度不大于100℃、设计压力为17.16 MPa条件下满足长期密封要求。根据Arrhenius定律及《机械密封试验方法》,计算出了保证密封段正常工作5 a不泄漏需在240℃条件下进行加速寿命试验所需的试验时间。同时还制定了密封段加速寿命试验方案并进行了加速寿命试验,对试验测量参数进行了分析。分析结果表明密封段满足正常工作5 a不泄漏的要求。密封段加速寿命试验是密封段型式试验的重要步骤,还可作为其它密封设备加速寿命试验的参考。     

装备快速封存技术中的传感器配置研究

以某型封存装甲装备为例,利用计算流体力学(CFD)技术,对封装装甲装备动态除湿过程中的装备内部温湿度场分布情况进行了仿真研究,结合装备封存技术的特殊要求提出了封存装备状态检测中传感器配置的原则和方法,并给出了装备快速封装技术中传感器配置的操作方法,实验表明该方法具有很强的操作性,为进一步深入研究快速封装技术奠定了基础.     

亚硝酸盐降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性

从活性污泥中分离得到一株能以亚硝酸盐为唯一氮源生长的异养硝化细菌53,根据其形态、生理生化特性以及16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析结果,将其初步鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。研究了亚硝酸盐的初始浓度、pH、温度、接种量4个影响因素对菌株53降解亚硝酸盐效果的影响,确定了最适降解条件。结果表明,该菌株在亚硝酸盐浓度10 mg/L、培养温度30℃、pH为8.0、接种量5%条件下,接种24 h后对亚硝酸盐的降解率达到94.8%以上。在亚硝酸盐质量浓度为5mg/L的10L污染水体模拟实验中,按1%的接种量接入53发酵菌液(A600nm≈0.4),在30℃的水温条件下经4 d,53菌株对亚硝酸的降解率可达96.52%,处理后水体中亚硝酸盐的含量能达到养殖水体标准。表明该菌株对污染水体中的亚硝酸盐具有较强的降解效果。     

生物转鼓过滤器中一株好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定与降解特性研究

从稳定运行处理NO废气的生物转鼓过滤器中筛选分离到1株好氧反硝化细菌DN3,发现该菌在好氧条件下能有效去除培养液中的硝酸根,培养28h后的反硝化率大于80%.扫描电镜结果显示,菌株DN3为短杆菌,带有鞭毛,大小为(0.4～0.8)μm ×(2.0～2.5)μm,菌落表面呈现乳白色.通过生理生化特性及16S rRNA基因...     

Dynamic response characteristics and structural optimization of isolation seal under the impact of gas explosion

Either in the chemical process plants or in the underground infrastructures, the isolation seal is regularly used to separate the working sections and inactive sections, or to isolate the possible explosion sites in order to avoid any domino effects. Due to differences in accumulation space or ignition point locations, pressure on the seal can vary when an explosion occurs. Thus, the safety and reliability of seals are crucial to maintaining safety in process industry. This paper focuses on seals constructed with concrete and loess materials, and examines the dynamic response characteristics of the gas explosion wave on the seal through sample experiments and numerical simulation metods. The study proposes an optimized design for the explosion-proof structure of the wedge-shaped and spherical seal, which can provide a technical basis for the explosion-proof and anti-explosion measures of various sealed walls. These research findings can also serve as a basis for improving the construction quality of seals.     

FX-4氟橡胶的老化行为研究

目的 研究FX-4氟橡胶在不同工况条件下的老化行为,为工程实践中科学评估装备使用寿命提供依据。方法 基于某装备对FX-4氟橡胶材料的使用要求,设计5种模拟工作状态条件的老化试验,通过观测样品外观形貌、力学、化学结构、打压密封等性能变化,研究FX-4氟橡胶在不同温度、不同介质和不同应变作用下的老化行为。结果 经过9 000 h老化试验,FX-4氟橡胶的压缩永久变形表现出明显增加的趋势,且增长速率呈现出先增大、再放缓、随后再次增大的变化规律。分解温度由508℃提升为520℃左右,表面结晶度和内部结晶度由61.7%分别下降为37%和48%左右,表明老化损伤由样品表面逐渐向内部扩展。分子结构没有发生根本改变,打压密封功能良好。结论 经过9 000 h老化试验后,FX-4氟橡胶出现不同程度的性能老化,但仍具备良好的密封性能,可正常使用。