某船用唇形密封失效因素试验及仿真模拟研究

目的 针对船用唇形密封使用过程中的唇口破坏问题,研究唇形密封失效影响因素及唇形密封应力、位移、接触压力分布特性。方法 模拟实船齿轮箱输入结构搭建试验台,进行密封失效因素分析,并利用有限元分析软件建立旋转唇形密封的二维轴对称模型,分析过盈量及橡胶本体材料参数对唇形密封应力、位移、唇尖接触压力分布的影响。结果 除密封材料及密封接触应力因素不确定外,其他所列因素几乎均未发生泄漏,因此进一步对不同材料及接触特性进行有限元分析。研究表明,3种材料中,2号材料的Von Mises应力值最大,且不管何种材料,随着过盈量增加,唇尖应力沿着参考线先增大后、逐渐减小、再增大,并呈现非对称分布,过盈量超过0.4 mm时,唇形密封的最大应力出现在骨架与橡胶本体接触圆角处。随着过盈量的增加,3种材料唇尖最大接触压力的变化趋势不同,最大Von Mises 接触应力逐渐增大,且过盈量在0.6 mm之后增速较快,唇尖接触线位置接触压力先减小、后逐渐增大,拐点在接触线位置0.25~0.3 mm处。结论 油温、油压、安装方式、偏心量、转速对于唇形密封失效的影响较小。材料属性与过盈量都会引起唇形密封Von Mises应力及唇尖接触压力发生较大变化,只是影响应力峰值大小不同,材料属性对于唇形密封本体位移的影响较小,过盈量会引起位移较大变化,且会引起最大应力位置变化,同时接触线接触应力与接触压力大小没有相关性。对于唇形密封安装来说,在过盈量为0.8 mm左右时较为合理。     

Using consequence – based hazard zone assessment for effective evacuation planning of vulnerable settlements along hazmat transport corridors through industrial city of Surat in western India

Following a toxic hazmat release, decisions need to be made vis-a-vis a safe evacuation distance for population along the transportation route, or whether to shelter-in-place if there is insufficient time to conduct an evacuation. The first responder may have to take these decisions through a quick estimation of the Initial Isolation Zone (IIZ) and protective action distances based on assumed rate of releases. Real-time evacuation planning models could be used for effective evacuation purposes. However, factors that usually were taken into account include weather conditions, population density, time of day, and uncertainty about the chemicals involved and/or the accumulating concentrations in public areas. Emergency planning including evacuation in India is generally in line with UNEP's APELL (Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level) methodology. However, quantitative risk based assessment is catching up particularly in large industrial zones. The paper highlights a case study of the evaluation of identified seven critical evacuation planning zones along three highway study routes in and around the industrial city of Surat in western India. The elapsed time after a release is estimated through ALOHA and evacuation travel time estimates are made for each zone. For identified scenarios, evacuation of IIZ, generally comprising of road side population, is effectively possible in six out of seven identified emergency planning zones except in zone-7, where certain people would still be exposed, as full evacuation may not be achieved. However, shelter-in-place would be advisable for population residing in permanent settlements within the protective action zone.     

罐壁式泡沫系统扑救密封圈火灾试验研究

针对大型浮顶罐罐壁式泡沫灭火系统的特点及不足,依据相关规范要求设计了30m长的密封圈火灾模拟试验油槽,开展了3％型水成膜泡沫液和6％型氟蛋白泡沫液灭火试验。现场测定了泡沫的发泡倍数和析液时间,符合规范要求但略低于检测值。试验过程测定了泡沫在泡沫堰板内的流动速度和燃烧油面的蔓延速度,观察了不同的泡沫液和泡沫混合液供给强度下的油槽火灭火状况,对比分析了油槽火周邻的温度和热流分布。在此基础上,评估分析了罐壁式泡沫系统扑救密封圈火灾的有效性。试验结果表明：有效的泡沫混合液供给强度下,3％型水成膜泡沫和6％型氟蛋白泡沫可控密封圈火灾,甚至灭火;泡沫类型和泡沫混合液供给强度对油槽火全淹没时间的影响较大。该试验对大型浮顶罐低液位密封圈火灾扑救具有积极的指导意义和工程应用价值。     

Effects of Increasing Urbanization on the Ecological Integrity of Open Space Preserves

This article analyzes the effects of increasing urbanization on open space preserves within the metropolitan area of Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Time series analysis is used in 10-year increments over 40 years to study urban landscape change. Three landscape metrics—(1) matrix utility (measures intensity of adjacent land uses), (2) isolation (measures distances to other open space patches), and (3) connectivity (measures physical links to other open space patches and corridors)—are used to assess changes in landscape patterns and serve as indicators of urban ecological integrity of the open space preserves. Results show that in the case of both open space preserves, general decline in indicators of urban ecological integrity was evident. The matrix utility analysis demonstrated that increasing intensity of land uses adjacent to preserve is likely to increase edge effects, reducing the habitat value of interior or core habitat areas. Isolation analysis showed that both preserves have experienced increasing isolation from other open space elements over time. Also, connectivity analysis indicated that terrestrial connections to other open space elements have also deteriorated. Conclusions of this research demonstrate that while preservation of natural areas as open space is important in an urban context, intense development of surrounding areas reduces the urban ecological integrity significantly.     

7050铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜热带海洋大气环境耐蚀性能研究

目的 研究7050铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜在热带海洋大气环境下的耐蚀性能变化规律。方法 在7050铝合金表面制备硬质阳极氧化膜,然后采用不封闭、沸水封闭与铬酸盐封闭3种后处理方式进行处理。采用实验室多因素组合循环模拟试验方式与热带海洋大气环境户外直接暴露对试样开展耐蚀性能试验。通过外观、极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱方法,分析其耐蚀性能变化规律。结果 硬质阳极氧化膜不封闭处理的耐蚀性较差,实验室多因素组合循环试验第1循环后表面就出现白色腐蚀产物,评级为5/2xA。户外暴露试验12个月后,不封闭处理膜层的自腐蚀电位为?814.88 mV,自腐蚀电流密度为0.307µA/cm²;沸水封闭膜层的自腐蚀电位为?717.86 mV,自腐蚀电流密度为0.177 µA/cm²;重铬酸盐封闭膜层的自腐蚀电位为?703.33 mV,自腐蚀电流密度为3.82×10^?2 µA/cm²。户外暴露12个月后,不封闭处理、沸水封闭处理与重铬酸盐封闭处理膜层在0.01 Hz的阻抗模值分别为1.04×10⁵、1.51×10⁵、4.76×10⁵ Ω.cm²。结论 封闭处理能提升7050铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性能,且重铬酸盐封闭后的耐蚀性能优于沸水封闭后的耐蚀性能。     

某型直升机主减速器橡胶密封圈老化机理分析

目的揭示某型直升机主减速器橡胶密封圈的老化机理。方法根据直升机主减速器橡胶密封圈正常使用和库存环境条件,采用加速老化试验方法模拟橡胶密封圈在库存条件下的老化历程,采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热重分析(TG/TGA)等方法对加速老化后的橡胶密封圈理化性能进行测试,并选取某型主减速器库存13年的橡胶密封圈及大修拆下的橡胶密封圈进行相关测试。结果 FX-4和FX-17密封胶圈在热空气老化试验过程中聚合物基团变化一致,F元素和O元素的电子结合能几乎没有变化。结论老化前后橡胶中各键的化学结构没有发生明显变化,FX-17胶料的耐温性略好于FX-4胶料。     

机械设备无泄漏设计

机械设备在运行中的泄漏，是当前环境污染的源头之一。从泄漏与污染、泄漏与密封的关系。提出绝对密封技术。用述了磁力传动与密封原理，分析了无泄漏设计的应用与发展前景。建议推广绿色产品-磁力泵、全封闭阀门及反应设备。     

工业振动危害和控制研究观念的进展

论述了对产生振动的机械设备实施隔振,不仅能减少或消除振动对振源周围的操作者、精密仪器设备和建筑带来的危害和影响,而且能直接或间接带来很大的经济效益;从理论上和实践上重点论述了隔振能延长机械设备精密部件和其所带模具的寿命;提出了隔振当量经济效益概念。这些探讨和研究工作对隔振决策有重要的参考意义     

微囊藻毒素的分离、纯化和制备

以天然水华蓝藻为原料,建立了以甲醇溶液提取、固相萃取和半制备色谱分离为主要步骤的微囊藻毒素分离纯化方法.通过优化提取、分离和制备条件,制备了一定量的微囊藻毒素MC-LR和MC-RR高纯度样品,样品经HPLC鉴定分析,纯度可达98%以上,干燥后可得2种微囊藻毒素纯品分别为MC-RR:121.1μg,MC-LR:62.8μg.     

振动落砂机噪声和粉尘的控制

本文结合沈阳水泥机械厂铸造车间二台１０ｔ振动落砂机噪声、粉尘治理，阐述了落砂机振动、噪声及粉尘飞扬的特点，控制原理、主要措施、治理效果．