GCC盒和JERE盒介导的信号途径在水稻应答逆境中的作用

植物应答逆境的防御反应在很大程度是在基因转录水平调节的,其中转录因子与目标基因启动子上顺式作用元件的识别和结合起着关键的调节作用.本研究将从双子叶植物中发现的GCC盒(应答乙烯)和JERE盒(应答JA和激发子)与CaMV35S核心启动子融合构建成诱导型启动子,利用GUS报告基因构建其表达载体并进行农杆菌介导的水稻遗传转化.利用T1代株系分析了GCC盒和JERE盒水稻植株对不同逆境胁迫和激素处理的应答.结果表明在转基因植株中它们都具有很低的本底表达.稻瘟病侵染、稻纵卷叶螟取食和机械损伤处理可不同程度提高GUS基因的表达.另外,脱落酸(ABA)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)也能提高GUS的表达.实验结果暗示JERE和GCC盒介导的信号途径在单子叶和双子叶之间有一定的保守性.图5参15     

Adapting the Speciation of the VOCs Emission Inventory in the Greater Athens Area

An adaptation procedure of a new emission inventory of theGreater Athens Area is attempted, based on a sensitivityanalysis on the treatment of the VOC emissions. Throughthis procedure the impact that a more detailed treatment ofthe VOCs emissions might have on the atmospheric chemistrysimulations, is examined. For this analysis three differentchemical mechanisms were applied for two differentlocations (urban and city plume) with different VOC andNO_x mixture characteristics. Finally, this studyrecommends new carbon fractions, reflecting the localconditions in Athens basin.     

雷击参数在线监录与SPD动态预警管理——“黑匣子”研究与应用

人类赖以生存的地球表面每小时约连续发生2000个雷暴。随着科学技术发展到如今的信息时代,任何场所(特别是雷电多发地区)都有可能发生雷击灾害,许多雷击事故往往是由于低压供、配电线路与信息传输线路感应传导雷电高电压引起的。尽管闪电定位系统得到了广泛的应用,雷电防护有相应的国际、国家与行业技术规范,但发生雷击事故现场仍然不能获取实质性的雷击参数,某些雷灾鉴定缺乏科学的定量数据,人们希望能有像飞机黑匣子那样的智能设备。所研究的黑匣子是一种在线监测、记录、还原雷击参数的智能仪表,对特定环境设施(如:避雷针、低压供、配电线路与信息传输线路)入侵的雷击具备在线实时监测、记录并还原雷击参数雷电流幅值、持续时间、极性(雷击电流走向)与波形的功能;且具有对在线电涌保护器(surge protective device,SPD)的动态预警管理效能。     

在大鼠哮喘发生中SO2致凋亡相关基因及蛋白质表达的改变

为了研究SO2对哮喘大鼠肺细胞凋亡相关基因mRNA和蛋白表达的影响.对健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、SO2暴露组、卵蛋白(OVA)致敏哮喘组、SO2和OVA联合作用组,采用荧光实时定量RT-PCR和Westem Blot方法研究吸入SO2对哮喘大鼠肺细胞p53、box、bcl-2三种细胞凋亡相关基因mRNA和蛋白表达的影响.结果表明,SO2暴露组肺中p53和box mRNA和蛋白水平降低,bcl-2表达和bcl-2/bax比值均有升高,但与对照组相比无显著性差异.与对照组相比,哮喘组肺中p53和bax mRNA和蛋白的表达水平呈现不同程度的降低;bcl-2的表达和bcl-2/bax比值显著升高.SO2和OVA联合作用后,与哮喘组相比,肺中p53和bax蛋白表达显著下降,而bcl-2蛋白表达显著升高.结论:SO2可加剧哮喘大鼠的哮喘症状,其机制可能是通过影响哮喘大鼠肺组织凋亡相关基因(p53、bax、bcl-2)的表达水平,抑制气道炎性细胞的凋亡来实现的.这些机制的阐明有助于对SO2毒作用机制的理解和所致疾病的治疗.     

潜水式生态介质箱的优化设计及其修复黑臭水体的效果比较研究

第一代潜水式生态介质箱(装置组)能修复深层黑臭水体,但其对下层水体溶解氧的增加能力有限.本文在现有第一代生态介质箱的基础上增设水下深层化学增氧器并更换环境矿物基质,视为第二代生态介质箱(联合组),分别以未经任何处理的水样(空白组)、将沉水植物种植在底泥上(苦草组)作为对照,比较了联合组、装置组、苦草组修复黑臭水体的效果...     

投入式低温物流箱的开发与应用

低温物流箱以实用方便灵活、较低运营成本、较低维护产品、卫生环保等级等优点,将在低温物流领域受到广泛的关注和实际使用,并且低温物流事业的发展以及人们的生活水平的提高将发挥重要的作用。介绍的投入式低温物流箱相较一般物流箱具有明显的优势,由于具有开发工艺简单,收益时间短,成本低廉的特点,具有广阔的市场前景。     

湖北臭氧分布特征及其管控措施

采用地面站点观测、卫星观测以及UWCM 0-D箱子模型模拟的方法研究湖北2013—2015年臭氧时空分布特征,并探讨其管控措施。从地面站点观测看出,时间分布上,这3年臭氧年平均浓度经历先下降后上升的过程,总体呈上升趋势,而二氧化氮年平均浓度则呈现持续下降的趋势;空间分布上,湖北各区域臭氧浓度分布不均匀,呈现东高西低的递减分布趋势。从卫星观测数据看出,2015年湖北的臭氧柱浓度高于2013、2014年同期。从空间分布来看,臭氧的柱浓度是从东北到西南、从省外到省内逐渐递减,因此推测,除了本地生成,湖北的臭氧有一部分是来源于省外传输。最大臭氧生成量法显示,烯烃(乙烯和丙烯)对湖北夏天臭氧生成量的贡献远大于其他挥发性有机化合物。箱子模型模拟的结果显示,湖北应该通过控制挥发性有机化合物的排放来降低臭氧生成速率,控制氮氧化物反而使臭氧生成速率提高。     

Multicompartmental fate of persistent substances

Background, Aim and Scope Modelling of the fate of environmental chemicals can be done by relatively simple multi-media box models or using complex atmospheric transport models. It was the aim of this work to compare the results obtained for both types of models using a small set of non-ionic and non-polar or moderately polar organic chemicals, known to be distributed over long distances. Materials and Methods Predictions of multimedia exposure models of different types, namely three multimedia mass-balance box models (MBMs), two in the steady state and one in the non-steady state mode, and one non-steady state multicompartment chemistry-atmospheric transport model (MCTM), are compared for the first time. The models used are SimpleBox, Chemrange, the MPI-MBM and the MPI-MCTM. The target parameters addressed are compartmental distributions (i.e. mass fractions in the compartments), overall environmental residence time (i.e. overall persistence and eventually including other final sinks, such as loss to the deep sea) and a measure for the long-range transport potential. These are derived for atrazine, benz-[a]-pyrene, DDT, α and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, methyl parathion and various modes of substance entry into the model world. Results and Discussion Compartmental distributions in steady state were compared. Steady state needed 2–10 years to be established in the MCTM. The highest fraction of the substances in air is predicted by the MCTM. Accordingly, the other models predict longer substance persistence in most cases. The results suggest that temperature affects the compartmental distribution more in the box models, while it is only one among many climate factors acting in the transport model. The representation of final sinks in the models, e.g. burial in the sediment, is key for model-based compartmental distribution and persistence predictions. There is a tendency of MBMs to overestimate substance sinks in air and to underestimate atmospheric transport velocity as a consequence of the neglection of the temporal and spatial variabilities of these parameters. Therefore, the long-range transport potential in air derived from MCTM simulations exceeds the one from Chemrange in most cases and least for substances which undergo slow degradation in air. Conclusions and Perspectives MBMs should be improved such as to ascertain that the significance of the atmosphere for the multicompartmental cycling is not systematically underestimated. Both types of models should be improved such as to cover degradation in air in the particle-bound state and transport via ocean currents. A detailed understanding of the deviations observed in this work and elsewhere should be gained and multimedia fate box models could then be ‘tuned in’ to match better the results of comprehensive multicompartmental transport models. ESS-Submission Editor: Prof. Dr. Michael Matthies (matthies@uos.de)     

可降解餐盒去除地下水硝酸盐的砂槽模拟实验研究

采用室内砂槽实验装置,研究了以可降解餐盒(BMB)为反硝化碳源的生物反应器对于模拟污水中硝酸盐的去除效果及其影响因素。结果表明,以BMB为反硝化碳源的反应器启动时间短。当进水硝酸盐浓度为50 mg/L,水温为25℃,水力停留时间为1.15 d时,硝酸盐的去除率可达92.6%以上,实验过程中出现亚硝酸盐积累,出水TOC浓度上升,但反应稳定后亚硝酸盐浓度均低于0.1 mg/L,且TOC浓度有下降趋势;水力停留时间减小或者进水硝酸盐浓度增加均能使得脱氮效率降低,但当水力停留时间在0.57~1.15 d,进水硝酸盐浓度在50~80 mg/L范围变化时,反应器硝酸盐去除效率仍能达到80%以上;温度对反硝化作用影响较大,当温度为(20±1)℃时,硝酸盐的去除效率仅为62.0%、74.4%和97.5%。     

呼和浩特市城区大气环境容量模型研究

环境容量是指在特定的区域内，环境单元所允许承纳的污染物的最大量，是一种重要的环境资源。本文利用城市箱式模型分析研究大气环境中污染物质的浓度随时间和空间的变化规律，初步建立了呼和浩特市大气环境容量的计算模型，通过对研究区中SO2、TSP的环境容量的验证计算，表明利用该模型进行环境容量的计算与实际相符，具有一定的实用价值。