Coloured powder potential dust explosions

The use of Coloured powder (Holi powder orcolour dust) has been largely used in India for their festivities. Due to their popularity is extensive around the world since the popularity of the parties and events with this kind of show is increasing considerably. Despite the fact of its extensive use, its highly flammable nature is poorly known. Currently, some serious accidents related to the Coloured powder have been registered. Coloured powder organic nature implies a significant increase in the probability to form an explosive atmosphere as their use includes dust dispersion, leading to explosion hazards as has been previously reported. Moreover, it is important to take into account the effects on the flammability of the additives and the colorings existing in the Coloured powder as they might increase the hazard. To properly understand Coloured powder potential for producing an explosive atmosphere, and the attached risk of dust explosions, several samples were tested. Coloured powder from 6 different manufacturers were gathered. Each manufacturer provided several colours (between 5 and 8) which were characterized through moisture content and particle size determination. Once each sample was characterized, screening tests were performed on each sample determining whether ignition was produced or not. Those screening tests were carried out under certain conditions using the equipment for minimum ignition temperature on cloud determination (0.5 g set at 500 °C and 0.5 bar), and minimum ignition energy determination (using 100 and 300 mJ energies and 900 and 1200 mg). From those test results, important differences were seen between manufacturers, but most important, differences between colours of the same manufacturer were observed. The screening tests allowed the selection of 11 samples that were fully characterized through thermogravimetric analysis, maximum pressure of explosion, K_st, minimum ignition temperature on cloud, and minimum ignition energy. When carrying out thermogravimetric analysis, some samples increased mass at temperatures close to 300 °C and unexpectedly absorbed energy, followed by the expected combustion reaction at higher temperatures. From the obtained results it was noticed that the colour powders that included talcum in its composition did not produce explosion. Flammability and explosion tests, again, showed important differences between manufacturers and colours, and so it was possible to determine the relative flash fire and explosion risks of the various tested powders.     

冬季中国东海大气气溶胶中水溶性离子的组成与来源分析

运用离子色谱对2009年冬季中国东海大气气溶胶中水溶性离子Cl-、NO3-、SO42-、CH3SO3-（MSA）、Na＋、K＋、NH 4＋、Mg2＋、Ca2＋进行了测定,同时由SPSS（statistical package for social sciences）软件进行相关性分析探讨其来源.分析结果表明,气溶胶中二...     

亚铁盐对二氧化氯杀藻副产物亚氯酸盐去除的研究

实验研究亚铁盐对来自于供水水库的含藻原水二氧化氯杀藻过程中产生的无机副产物亚氯酸盐去除的效果及亚铁盐的投加量,同时考察亚铁盐在去除亚氯酸盐的过程中的除浊作用。实验结果表明,FeSO4能完全去除二氧化氯杀藻的无机副产物亚氯酸盐。FeSO4在去除亚氯酸盐的同时也与二氧化氯反应而使二氧化氯的浓度降低。FeSO4的用量是亚氯酸盐和二氧化氯与FeSO4反应的理论用量的总和。在二氧化氯预氧化杀藻与投加FeSO4的时间间隔较短的情况下,FeSO4的投加量按照初始投加量70%的二氧化氯与FeSO4反应的化学计量关系计算确定,此时亚氯酸盐能完全被去除。FeSO4在去除亚氯酸盐的同时具有除浊作用,在饮用水的净化中可以减少常规混凝剂的用量,当浊度为23.3 NTU或24.3 NTU时,不需再投加常规混凝剂。FeSO4的絮凝作用对除藻有协同作用。     

硫酸盐对镉污染下南美天胡荽生长、镉富集及生理生化特性的影响

为探明硫酸盐对园林植物南美天胡荽（Hydrocotyle vulgaris Linn.）生长、镉（Cd）富集及生理生化特性的影响,采用水培的方式研究了不同浓度Cd²⁺（1、2、4 mg?L^-1）添加不同浓度硫酸盐（0、200、400 μmol?L^-1）对南美天胡荽Cd累积、日平均增长量（MDIB）、净光合速率、抗氧化系统及渗透调节物质等的影响.结果表明,随着Cd处理浓度的增加,南美天胡荽水上部和水下部Cd含量及活性氧物质（ROS）呈显著（p<0.05）增加的变化趋势,但降低了植物的净光合速率（P_n）、叶绿素含量及MDIB值,抑制了植物的生长;硫酸盐添加缓解了Cd对南美天胡荽的胁迫,提高了抗坏血酸酶（APX）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,以及谷胱甘肽（GSH）、植物络合素（PCs）、游离脯氨酸含量和光合速率,尤其是4 mg?L^-1 Cd添加400 μmol?L^-1硫酸盐处理效果最好.此时,GSH和PCs含量较对照分别增加了48.78%和46.09%,P_n、叶绿素a（Chla）、叶绿素b（Chlb）、叶绿素a/b（Chla/b）及类胡萝卜素（Car）提高了6.61%~43.40%,MDIB提高了118.29%.本研究结果可为硫酸盐缓解植物重金属胁迫研究提供理论依据, 并可为应用园林植物南美天胡荽联合硫酸盐修复Cd污染环境提供参考.     

花生壳粉对分散黄染料吸附性能的研究

采用花生壳粉作吸附剂对分散黄染料进行吸附试验研究.研究了花生壳粉用量、pH值、吸附时间等因素对分散黄染料吸附的影响,确定了最佳吸附条件.结果表明,分散黄染料溶液质量浓度100 mg·L~(-1),花生壳粉用量10 g·L~(-1),pH值2,吸附时间36 h时,脱色率可达97.85%以上.通过测定常温下花生壳粉对分散黄染料的吸附等温线,并进行回归分析,得出花生壳粉对分散黄染料的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,其饱和吸附量达54.64 mg·g~(-1),说明花生壳粉可在一定质量浓度范围内吸附分散黄染料.     

COD/SO42-值对硫酸盐废水厌氧消化的影响

采用间歇试验方式,研究了COD/SO₄^2-值对硫酸盐废水厌氧消化的影响.试验结果表明,COD/SO₄^2-值是影响厌氧消化处理效果的主要参数.本试验中,COD/SO₄^2->15,硫酸盐还原作用对厌氧反应器影响甚微;COD/SO₄^2-=5-15时,硫酸盐还原作用对厌氧反应器产生轻度抑制,相对产甲烷率为79.2%-94.7%;COD/SO₄^2-=0.5-5时,反应器受中度抑制,相对产甲烷率为61.6%-79.2%;COD/SO₄^2-<0.5时,反应器受严重抑制.COD/SO₄^2-≥1时,相对产甲烷率与COD/SO₄^2-值之间有很好的线性关系.     

呼吸性粉尘个体采样器气流脉动的研究

分析了个体呼吸性粉尘采样器气流脉动的形成原因,以及其对采样性能的影响,提出了解决这一问题的方法。     

炼铜烟灰制取高纯度硫酸锌

采用炼钢烟灰制取高纯度硫酸锌,研究了制取条件对收率和产品质量的影响,试验结果表明,控制适宜的酸浸条件,锌浸取率≥９８％,铁浸取率可控制在０．０２％以下,当酸浸工艺条件液固比为３：１,温度８０－９０℃,硫酸加入量３９ｇ／Ｌ（酸浸液）滴酸时间１．５ｈ浸取时间２ｈ,再用空气和过氧化氢氧化除去溶液中的铁,产品中硫酸锌含量≥９９％,铁含量可降至０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ以下。     

BIOGEOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON U.S. NATIONAL PARKS1

ABSTRACT: Federal parks and other public lands have unique mandates and rules regulating their use and conservation. Because of variation in their response to local, regional, and global‐scale disturbance, development of mitigation strategies requires substantial research in the context of long‐term inventory and monitoring. In 1982, the National Park Service began long‐term, watershed‐level studies in a series of national parks. The objective was to provide a more comprehensive database against which the effects of global change and other issues could be quantified. A subset of five sites in North Carolina, Texas, Washington, Michigan, and Alaska, is examined here. During the last 50 years, temperatures have declined at the southern sites and increased at the northern sites with the greatest increase in Alaska. Only the most southern site has shown an increase in precipitation amount. The net effect of these trends, especially for the most northern and southern sites, would likely be an increase in the growing season and especially the time soil processes could continue without moisture or temperature limitations. During the last 18 years, there were few trends in atmospheric ion inputs. The most evident was the decline in SO₄² deposition. There were no significant relationships between ion input and stream water output. This finding suggests other factors as modification of precipitation or canopy throughfall by soil processes, hydrologic flow path, and snowmelt rates are major processes regulating stream water chemical outputs.     

利福平废水的絮凝和生化处理研究

利福平生产的废水COD高达6万,用PFS、C-PAM脱稳,密集网捕式絮凝处理后,COD去除率达27%,BOD5/CODCr从0.19上升到0.32.絮凝前后水质和色谱分析表明,絮凝后5种有机物去除效率均在22%以上,使生化处理成为可能,进生化池废水经稀释后,用活性污泥法处理9天后,COD从1.5万降至COD＜300mg/L,达到治理要求.