乐安河水环境现状及其治理措施

根据水文、水质和污染源调查结果,分析了乐安河流域水质的污染现状和综合环境质量,认为CODCr和氨氮是乐安河流域的主要水污染物,畜牧养殖业和城镇居民生活污水是最主要的污染源。根据这些分析,从乐安河流域的水质控制目标出发,提出了以污染源达标排放、筹建生活污水处理厂、控制面源污染、实施生态恢复、加强监控与管理等措施作为乐安河水环境综合治理的对策。     

从法学视角论地方政府环境质量负责制——兼评《环境保护法修正案草案》三审稿第六条第二款

环保法修正案三审稿,对政府环境责任予以高度关注,在总则中规定“地方各级人民政府对本行政区域的环境质量负责”,并规定相关配套制度保障落实该条款。通过对三审稿关于政府环境责任条款的分析、解读,可以明确地方政府环境质量负责制的含义,明晰该制度在总则中规定的意义。三审稿从地方政府行使环境职权和承担环境责任两方面对地方政府环境质量负责制予以制度保障和落实,但其制度保障仍不充分,仍需从制度自身完善、事前监督机制以及外部问责机制三个方面使地方政府环境质量负责制进一步落实,使地方政府环境质量负责制得到真正实施。     

非水液相混合有机污染物的过冷液体溶解度间接测量

存在于混合物中的有机污染物是现代生活环境中常见的危害性较高的污染物。有机物过冷液体溶解度不仅是环境科学研究领域的重要概念,也是环境监测、环境质量评价、制定污染治理方案所需要的重要参数。由于过冷液体溶解度无法通过常规的实验方法进行测量,只能借助热力学计算取得。但是已有的热力学参数欠缺、精度不够,很多有机物的过冷液体溶解度或者无法准确计算,或者差异巨大。针对非水液相混合有机污染物中过冷液体溶解度取值问题,本文提出了一种测量过冷液体溶解度的实验方法,即采用批处理实验在不同摩尔分数点取得该点的平衡浓度,根据实验结果将不同摩尔分数点的平衡浓度外推(依线性或者非线性规律)至摩尔分数为一时,得到值为过冷液体溶解度。本文对对几种多环芳香烃进行了实验研究,并将实验结果的与其它方法得到的数值进行比较。结果与已经发表数值吻合,证实该方法的准确性和可靠性。同时也点评了该方法的局限性及应用前景。     

Plastic pollution: A focus on freshwater biodiversity

Plastics are dominant pollutants in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Scientific studies that investigated the interaction between plastics and freshwater biodiversity are incipient, especially if compared to the marine realm. In this review, we provide a brief overview of plastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems around the world. We found evidence of plastic ingestion by 206 freshwater species, from invertebrates to mammals, in natural or semi-natural ecosystems. In addition, we reported other consequences of synthetic polymers in freshwater ecosystems—including, for instance, the entanglement of animals of different groups (e.g., birds). The problem of plastic pollution is complex and will need coordinated actions, such as recycling programs, correct disposal, stringent legislation, regular inspection, replacement of synthetic polymers with other materials, and ecological restoration. Current information indicates that the situation in freshwater ecosystems may be as detrimental as the pollution found in the ocean, although highly underappreciated.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01496-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

The governance of private residential land in cities and spatial effects on tree cover

Trees in cities supply ecosystem services, including cooling, storm water quality management, habitat, visual screening and softening of built form. There is an expanding interdisciplinary field encompassing biodiversity, ecosystem services, and stewardship networks in cities. However most of this work focuses on public greenspace. While much work has been done to demonstrate that trees on private land are an important complement to the public urban forest, and to understand the social drivers of such, less is known about the governance of private greenspace in cities. Private land contributes to a significant component of a city’s tree cover, particularly in cities characterised by low-density residential suburbs. It is important to understand the mechanisms that govern private tree cover, given the pace and scale of urbanisation globally. We combined policy and spatial analysis to examine the influence of larger and denser forms of residential development on suburban tree cover and the scope of contemporary governance measures. We interrogated tree cover patterns in the rapidly densifying and consolidating city of Brisbane, Australia, to show that private residential tree cover is explained by dwelling density, housing age, terrain slope, high school education, and household income. Results show significantly (30%) less tree cover in low-density residential suburbs developed since the early 1990s. We develop five governance principles for reversing the decline of urban trees on private residential property that may be transferable to other rapidly developing cities in around the world.     

The Atmosphere can be a Source of Certain Water Soluble Volatile Organic Compounds in Urban Streams

Surface water and air volatile organic compound (VOC) data from 10 U.S. Geological Survey monitoring sites were used to evaluate the potential for direct transport of VOCs from the atmosphere to urban streams. Analytical results of 87 VOC compounds were screened by evaluating the occurrence and detection levels in both water and air, and equilibrium concentrations in water (C_w^s) based on the measured air concentrations. Four compounds (acetone, methyl tertiary butyl ether, toluene, and m‐ & p‐xylene) were detected in more than 20% of water samples, in more than 10% of air samples, and more than 10% of detections in air were greater than long‐term method detection levels (LTMDL) in water. Benzene was detected in more than 20% of water samples and in more than 10% of air samples. Two percent of benzene detections in air were greater than one‐half the LTMDL in water. Six compounds (chloroform, p‐isopropyltoluene, methylene chloride, perchloroethene, 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, and trichloroethene) were detected in more than 20% of water samples and in more than 10% of air samples. Five VOCs, toluene, m‐ & p‐xylene, methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE), acetone, and benzene were identified as having sufficiently high concentrations in the atmosphere to be a source to urban streams. MTBE, acetone, and benzene exhibited behavior that was consistent with equilibrium concentrations in the atmosphere.     

完善《环境保护法》的途径探讨

随着我国环境保护形势的发展，环境法制体系的逐步健全，作为环境保护综合性法律的《环境保护法》在某些方面逐渐显现出滞后性。《环境保护法》的修改与完善，学术界已讨论了很长时间。本文主要从政府管理的角度，对《环境保护法〉的进一步完善进行了一些探讨。     

关于《安全生产法》的几点思考

《安全生产法》是我国安全生产领域的第一部基本法,其颁布实施意义深远。本文就《安全生产法》不尽完善的地方,提出了自己的看法,并提出立法建议,旨在今后进一步完善《安全生产法》,以及做好实施《安全生产法》的相关配套和细化的立法工作。     

财产保全法律制度浅探

关于财产保全制度我国民事讼诉法及最高人民法院的司法解释规定的不完善,有些制度应在立法上加以规定,并严格申请财产保全的条件,将司法实践中行之有效的财产保全的做法上升为法律规定,使我国的财产保全制度更加完善、科学。