基于经济空间分异的扬州市生态镇建设模式研究

扬州市乡镇经济发展程度空间分异明显。应用主成分分析法分析了扬州市88个乡镇经济水平的空间差异,指出经济发达、欠发达乡镇的分布,整体上呈现南强北弱的态势。进而提出不同经济水平的生态镇建设模式,即:经济发达乡镇主导发展生态工业;欠发达乡镇巩固农业优势,主导发展特色资源型生态农业和观光农业。     

高校毕业生结构性失衡问题探讨

高校毕业生结构性失衡是指随着我国经济结构的变化,毕业生的供给结构与需求结构不协调。通过高校毕业生结构性失衡的实证分析,本文觉得其症结主要是高等教育层次结构和科类结构的失衡。这在很大程度上决定毕业生资源的供给结构,因此,高等教育结构的调整是解决高校毕业生结构性失衡关键。     

增温快速测定BOD的动力学研究

应用ＢＯＤ反应动力学原理，从理论上建立了ＢＯＤ测定培养时间ｔ（ｄ）随培养温度Ｔ（℃）变化的数学模型，并导出通用增温培养时间，用通用增温培养时间２７℃下３天和３２℃下２天测得ＢＯＤ与标准法ＢＯＤ相一致，两者回归分析相关系数均大于０．９９９。     

Human Settlements on the Northern Shores of Lake Aral and Water Level Changes

The shore of Lake Aral in Kazakhstan is a perfect area for studying the human adaptation strategy to past climate changes. New archaeological material, gathered along the northern shores during the expedition of the INTAS project CLIMAN, is briefly presented. Changes in settlement activity during the Atlantic and Subboreal are related to lake level changes of the Aral Sea. A previ-ously proposed lake level maximum needs to be revised. In particular the lake level stand at 72/73 m, with an assumed age of 5000 BP is definitely refused. Based on the presented data the maximum lake level most probably never reached beyond 57/58 mean average sea level (masl). Furthermore the regression during the 15^th–16^th centuries has been underestimated. It may have been lower than the present day level. Thus the present desiccation of the Aral Sea is historically not unique, as a similar regression, probably induced by man as well, has occurred at least once during history. A readjustment of the water level is, therefore, possible at any time.     

Subjective annoyance caused by indoor low-level and low frequency noise and control method

IntroductionItwasbelievedthatonlyhigh_levelnoisecouldcausenoisepollution.Theinfluenceoflow_levelnoisehasnotbeenwidelynoticed.Thisresearchdiscoveredthatundercertainconditionsthelow_levelnoise,especiallylowfrequencynoise,mayevencausehigherannoyanceresponse.…     

元江河谷热带坝区自然优势及其开发

元江河谷是我国云南省横断山脉中的干热河谷之一,属于热带半干旱河谷气候类型。具有丰富的热量资源和土地资源,但降雨量特少,生态环境脆弱,限制了多种热带作物的生长,长期以来未引起人们的重视。作者在该地区进行多年试验研究工作的基础上,从自然地理条件、生态环境,通过对比分析,论述了元江河谷热带坝区的自然优势。强调指出:该地区是我国发展优质紫胶--信德紫胶虫最理想的地方。从林业的发展方向与战略来考虑,指出今后元江河谷热带坝区的开发利用,主要是发展林业,走“生态林业”的道路。选择优质紫胶虫最好的寄主树滇刺枣作为造林树种,建立以滇刺枣人工林为主体的人工生态系统。     

天津地区霾天气特征研究

基于2014~2017年天津地区PM_2.5质量浓度，能见度和相对湿度监测数据开展霾天气特征研究.结果表明：天津中度以上霾过程分为五类：高压后部型，北部弱高压型，低压槽型，均压场型和锋前低压型.在现行标准下，中度霾一般对应重度污染天气，重度霾对应重度到严重污染天气；五级重度污染天气一般有中-重度霾发生，六级严重污染天气有重度霾天气发生.2013年“大气污染防治行动计划”开展以后，天津PM_2.5质量浓度和霾日均显著减少，2017年相比2013年霾日减少了55%，中度及其以上霾日由2013年的41d下降到2017年的20d，下降幅度超过50%.基于实况监测的PM_2.5质量浓度，能见度和相对湿度，可以较好的构建区域能见度计算方程.统计数据显示，其估算的能见度和实况值相关系数为0.94，相对误差为18.6%，非霾日辨识准确率为85%，霾日辨识准确率为95.6%，轻微霾辨识准确率为83%，轻度霾辨识准确率为78%，中度霾辨识准确率为93%，重度及以上霾辨识准确率为94%，对于判断霾等级，有较强的适用性.将该方程与空气质量模式结合开展霾等级预报，2015~2017年24h预报产品检验显示：能见度预报值与实况值相关系数为0.75，预报均值13.9km，实况均值14.1km，相对误差为29.6%，FAC2（预报值在实况值两倍范围内百分比）为98.1%，霾日预报准确率81.4%，霾日漏报率18.6%，霾日空报率20.6%，如果容错1级，轻微霾日预报准确率为96%，轻度霾日预报准确率为85%，中度及以上霾日预报准确率为69%，可有效支撑天津霾等级预报的开展.     

基于洪水资源化的水库汛限水位调整及其风险管理

在论述“洪水资源化”概念和调整水库汛限水位所涉及的影响因素的基础上, 构建了汛限水位 调整后的风险和效益评价指标体系及其估算方法, 以及论述了水库汛限水位调整的风险管理对策。 以五强溪大型水库为例, 综合评价了在不同汛限水位方案下所带来的风险及效益, 并引入优选模糊 理论方法来合理调整汛限水位。通过综合分析认为, 五强溪水库在主汛期将汛限水位从现行的 98.00m 提高到100.00m 的方案是可行的, 它在防洪风险增加不多的情况下, 可将有可能被排泄的 1.85×108m3 洪水转化为有效利用的水资源, 显然, 将大型水库提高汛限水位超蓄洪水是实现洪水资 源化的重要手段, 但必须是在加强水库实时调度风险管理的提前下实施。     

Nitrogen accumulation and plant species replacement in three salt marsh systems in the Wadden Sea

Salt marsh development on the coastal barrier island of Schiermonnikoog (The Netherlands) was compared with two other salt marsh systems in the Wadden Sea. Accretion rate, nitrogen accumulation and changes in plant species composition were investigated using chronosequences. The age of the marsh was estimated from aerial photographs and old maps. In 7230 plots, the elevation of the marsh surface, the thickness of the sediment layer (clay) and the presence of plant species was recorded. In addition, the nitrogen pool was measured at each successional stage. Accretion rates were similar in the three salt marshes. Higher accretion rates were found at younger marshes. A strong linear relationship between nitrogen pool size and thickness of the clay layer was found for the three marshes. The accumulation rate of nitrogen is therefore strongly related to the accretion rate. Thus, more nitrogen is present in the sediment of later successional stages where more clay has accumulated. On the high salt marsh (55 cm+MHT),Ameria maritima disappeared andArtemisia maritima, Juncus gerardi andElymus athericus established at sites with a thicker clay layer. On the low salt marsh (25 cm+MHT),Plantago maritima, Puccinellia maritima andLimonium vulgare disappeared andAtriplex (Halimione) portulacoides established. Apparently, with the accumulation of clay and therefore of nitrogen, tall growing species take over in salt marshes not grazed by livestock.     

紫外光去除水中微量甲苯的研究

紫外光（UV）去除水中微量甲苯（＜10mg/L)可以用一级动力学方程描述。pH为7时，去除速率常数k为0.453h^-1，半衰期为1.53h；在pH为5－9的范围内，速率常数和半衰期变化不大。利用气相色谱－质谱联用仪测定了甲苯的降解产物，讨论了甲苯降解的机理。测定了甲苯降解过程中溶解氧化的变化和pH的作用。