西藏土地资源承载力的现实与未来——基于膳食营养当量分析

土地承载力是人地关系的基础表征,开展土地承载力评价可以为实施农业空间治理、制定农业发展政策等提供参考。以西藏自治区为例,基于人体每日所需热量、蛋白质和脂肪评价土地的现实承载力及其变化。评价结果表明：（1）西藏自治区土地承载指数从2004-2016年一直维持在80.66%~89.84%之间,处于平衡有余状态。（2）未来西藏自治区土地承载指数将会持续保持在87.5%之上,呈现先升后降的变化态势,在2032年达到峰值,届时土地承载指数将会超过92.56%;此后将会持续下降,在2050年将低于90%。以土地承载力评价为基础,根据未来食物消费需求变化和西藏自治区的自然条件,提出不增加农牧业开发强度,保持农牧业生产空间规模稳定,并逐步优化调整农牧业发展结构,适度降低粮食种植面积,在适宜地区扩大蔬菜、瓜果种植,以及发展草牧业经济等建议。     

芜湖市土地资源人口承载力与可持续发展研究

作为人类赖以生存和发展物质基础的土地资源有限性与人口的增长加剧了人地间的矛盾 ,土地资源人口承载力问题日益引起社会关注。在总结芜湖市土地资源利用现状、特点和当前人口食物消费水平的基础上分析了土地现实生产能力 ,同时为预测芜湖市 2 0 0 0、2 0 0 5、2 0 10年人口数量、复种指数、耕地面积及粮食单产发展趋势而分别建立了一元线性回归模型与灰色系统 GM(1,1)模型 ,通过取其平均值以提高其精度 ;并结合温饱型、宽裕型、小康型与富裕型四种消费水平分别探讨了预测期内芜湖市土地资源人口承载力状况 ,最后从耕地总量动态平衡、提高粮食单产与质量及控制人口增长等方面提出了可持续发展对策 ,为芜湖市建立稳定、协调、持续发展的人地关系提供科学的理论依据     

Determination of complexation capacity of trace metal-organic in natural water

The complexation capacity for heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb) were determined by anodic stripping voltammetry in South China Sea, Hulun Lake and Wuliang Suhai. The conditional stability constants and complexation capacity index were calculated. The data showed that the complexation capacity of the Hulun Lake was greater than that of seawater and Wuliang Suhai. The sequence of complexation capacity is C (CuL) > C (CdL) > C (PbL), the values are in concord with results of analysis on dissolved organic carbon. The conditional stability constants were in an opposite sequence: K (CuL) < K(CdL) < K (PbL). When logK are similar, the greater the complexation capacity, the greater the complexation capacity index.     

三峡库区移民环境容量指标的研究

移民环境容量的研究使移民安置规划建立在稳妥的科学基础上,扩大了移民安置范围的视野和任务范围。本文从经济、社会、生态与环境三重效益向良性循环发展的角度提出了三峡库区移民环境容量指标体系。     

中国可持续发展能力建设中人力资源开发研究

人力资源的开发是可持续发展能力建设的重要组成部分 ,也是国家财富存量的决定性因素。它涉及教育、培训、科技、扶贫、就业与劳动力转移、体制改革和国际合作等众多领域 ,直接影响到一个国家的可持续性。本文从实现国家可持续发展的目标出发 ,阐述了人力资源理论研究的进展 ,分析了中国人力资源能力建设的现状 ,并提出了相应的对策。     

寒冷地区城市季节性污染的防治对策

以黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市为例 ,通过对不同季节气候因素对环境的影响和污染源状况及企业生产排污特点的分析 ,提出了防治寒冷地区城市不同季节污染 ,特别是冬季污染的基本对策。旨在突出重点污染季节、重点污染源、重点污染物的防治 ,有效地提高环境质量。     

The institutions-adaptive capacity nexus: Insights from coastal resources co-management in Cambodia and Vietnam

Responding to the unprecedented social-environmental change facing humankind will require responsive and flexible governance institutions (i.e., systems of rules and social norms) that facilitate adaptive capacity of individuals, groups and organisations. This may explain the sustained interest in the institutional dimensions of adaptive capacity. However, a better understanding of how institutions may enable adaptive capacity is still evolving. The literature is yet to clearly articulate how institutions relate to attributes of adaptive capacity. This study contributes to address this knowledge gap; it employs an evaluative approach that underscores the relationship between types of institutions and attributes of adaptive capacity (i.e., variety, learning capacity, autonomy, leadership, resources and fair governance). Such approach is used to examine how institutions enable adaptive capacity in the context of coastal resources co-managemen in the Peam Krasaop Wildlife Sanctuary (Cambodia) and Tam Giang Lagoon (Vietnam). In this study, complexity emerges as a defining feature of adaptive capacity. It results from the relationship between institutions and adaptive capacity and the contextual factors in which such relationship takes place. Exercises aiming to assess adaptive capacity should consider the institutions-adaptive capacity nexus together with the embedding social, cultural and political context.     

Confronting a Surfeit of People: Reducing Global Human Numbers to Sustainable Levels An Essay on Population Two Centuries after Malthus

It has become increasingly evident over the past several decades that there is a growing tension between two seemingly irreconcilable trends: (1) moderate to conservative demographic projections that world population size could easily reach 9 billion (or more) by the mid-to-late twenty-first century; and (2) prudent and increasingly reliable scientific estimates suggesting that the Earth's long-term sustainable carrying capacity (at an 'adequate to comfortable' standard of living) may not be much greater than 2–3 billion. I therefore argue that it is now time – indeed, past time – to develop and implement a set of well-conceived, clearly articulated, broadly equitable and internationally coordinated sociopolitical initiatives that go beyond merely slowing the growth – or even the stabilization – of global human numbers. After summarizing a number of 'inescapable realities' that the human species must soon confront, and notwithstanding the considerable difficulties involved in establishing rational and defensible global population optimums, I conclude with several suggestions relevant to the next logical step: how best to bring about a very significant reduction in global population size over the next two to three centuries. To the extent that there is still time to choose whether this dramatic decrease will be under conscious control or essentially chaotic, these proposals are cautiously optimistic.     

木屑生物炭对填料土的氮磷吸附及雨水持留改良影响

现阶段生物滞留系统的填料土存在氮磷营养盐净化效果不稳定、雨水持留能力下降等问题.为评估木屑生物炭作为生物滞留系统填料土添加剂的改良效果,选用对照填料土和施用了木屑生物炭的改良填料土进行对比研究,通过理化性质测试、等温吸附实验、土柱实验和土水特征曲线测定,研究木屑生物炭对填料土的改良影响与优化机制.结果表明,木屑生物炭孔隙率大、比表面积大、饱和含水率高和CEC高,可优化填料土的结构,提升填料土的离子交换能力;木屑生物炭对填料土的氮磷吸附改良效果突出,对NH4+-N的最大吸附量提高了 2.80倍,去除率由31.30％提高至64.10％,对PO43--P的最大吸附量提高了 1.28倍,去除率由61.90％提高至90.00％;经木屑生物炭改良后,填料土的饱和含水率提高1.63倍,渗透系数提高2.43倍,在各含水率下的基质吸力明显增加.木屑生物炭的添加可优化生物滞留系统填料土的性能,加强对雨水径流中氮磷营养盐的吸附,提高系统的渗透性和雨水持留能力.     

动态工况下锂电池组多物理场仿真与退化分析

目的 提高锂电池组SOH评估的准确性,提出面向实际复杂动态工况的锂电池组退化仿真分析方法。方法 通过耦合多个电池单体P2D电化学–热模型和电池组串并联等效电路–热–流体模型,建立锂电池组多物理场耦合仿真模型,分析电池系统实际使用过程中电流、温度等工况的动态特性,构建锂电池组广义动态工作载荷谱。开展模型验证和典型3并5串锂电池组多物理场仿真分析,并耦合基于SEI膜生成机理的容量退化模型,分析在动态工况下内部各电池单体的容量及SOH退化情况,并给出该型电池组寿命的薄弱环节。结果 动态工况下,锂电池退化轨迹呈高度非线性,环境温度为25~60 ℃时,随着温度的升高,电池组退化较快,但电池组内部最大温差反而减小。结论 提出的方法能够很好地量化实际复杂动态工况对锂电池组退化的影响,为其可靠性设计和运行管理提供了技术支撑。