辣根过氧化物酶催化氧化法处理含油废水

以模拟含油废水为处理对象,用辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）去除水中的油,研究了HRP催化氧化柴油反应的工艺条件。实验结果表明,当柴油质量浓度为120mg／L时,在H2O2质量浓度为250mg／L、HRP的酶活性浓度为0．8U／mL、废水pH为7．4、温度为27℃、反应时间为3h的最佳工艺条件下,除油率可达60．89％。实验还考察了壳聚糖和聚乙二醇（PEG）对HRP催化过程的影响。实验结果显示,壳聚糖对HRP催化过程的影响很小,PEG则有很好的强化作用,在PEG质量浓度为160mg／L时,除油率可达79．31％。     

国内外生物柴油的生产现状及发展前景

介绍了生物柴油的特性、能耗及生物柴油的制备方法（直接混合法、微乳液法、高温热裂解法、酯交换法、超临界甲醇法）和生物柴油在工业应用巾存在的主要问题,阐述了国内外生物柴油的产业发展现状,展望了该产业在我田的发展前景。     

垃圾填埋气(LFG)用作车辆燃料资源化现状及发展前景

介绍垃圾填埋气用作车辆燃料资源化的优点 ,应用中需解决的净化、贮存和发动机改造的关键技术问题及国外研究应用现状 ,指出在我国具有广阔的发展前景。     

Ecological assessment of the environmental impacts of the kerosene burning in jet turbines and its improvement assessment

The burning of kerosene in jet turbines is investigated for two reference flights with a Boeing 747-400 and an Airbus A320-200, representing the typical Lufthansa planes for long and middle distance. The ecological evaluation is performed by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Formation of condensation trails, which is a specific environmental impact caused by air traffic, has to be considered in addition to established LCA impact categories. Based on the ecological assessment, an improvement assessment is performed. Environmental performance of diesel fuel during the combustion in car engines is analysed based on available publications. The relevant parameters for the environmental impact of the combustion of diesel (aromatics content, reduction of sulphur content, the reduction of the density and raising of the cetane number) are discussed with regard to improvements of the exhaust qualities of kerosene. A reduction of the aromatics content promises to improve the emission of soot which should be further investigated.     

利用具有热值的工业固废生产固体燃料的探讨

工业企业每年产生大量的固体废物,如果把企业排放的具有热值的废弃物(废塑料覆膜、水处理浮渣)充分利用,研究、开发、生产配合型RDF固体燃料,仅汕头市澄海区每年将可生产相当于约50000t煤热量的固体燃料。它具有减容量90%以上,可实现资源化和能量回收的优点,二次污染问题又能得到有效的控制,在减少环境污染的同时,其经济效益、社会环境效益都具有很强的吸引力,值得探讨。     

核废物的安全和环境影响

本论述了核废物特性,核废物安全管理原则,核废物的安全处理、处置技术、废放射源的安全管理、乏燃料的安全管理和核废物的环境影响等6方面问题。特别强调了废物管理9条原则,核废物最少化,豁免和清洁解控,核废物处理、处置技术的发展动向,我国核废物管理40字方针,国际社会关注的废放射源和乏燃料安全处理和处置等,并以我国大亚湾和秦山核电站为例,说明核废物可以被安全地控制和管理,保证环境的安全。     

考虑区域特点和车型差异的氢燃料电池汽车全生命周期减碳预测分析

发展氢燃料电池汽车是我国实现“双碳”战略的重要路径之一,目前我国多个区域正在推广应用包括乘用车、客车以及重卡在内的氢燃料电池汽车,如何量化研究未来不同车型和不同区域的氢燃料电池汽车减碳潜力成为如今的研究热点之一.基于全生命周期的评价方法,考虑了未来的汽车燃油经济性、电力碳排放因子、氢能碳排放因子和氢燃料电池汽车推广规模及制氢方式的区域差异,量化评价了不同类型的氢燃料电池汽车（FCV）、传统燃油汽车（ICEV）和纯电动汽车（BEV）的全生命周期碳排放量（以CO₂当量计）,对比分析了氢燃料电池汽车在不同时间及不同区域的减碳潜力,并对百公里氢耗量进行了不确定性分析.结果发现,到2025年氢燃料电池客车的全生命周期碳排放比传统燃油客车降低36.0%,而氢燃料电池重卡相较于传统燃油重卡并没有减碳效益.随着未来我国氢能来源结构的不断优化,到2035年氢燃料电池重卡的全生命周期碳排放比传统燃油重卡降低36.5%,相较于乘用车和客车两种车型,其减碳效益是最明显的.以2035年京津冀示范群为例,随着百公里氢耗量降低20%,FCV乘用车、客车和重卡的减碳规模分别增加了7.29%、9.93%和19.57%.因此建议氢燃料电池汽车推广应短期以客车为主,长期以重卡为主,乘用车推广作为补充.分区域和分阶段推广氢燃料电池汽车更有助于推进我国汽车领域的低碳化进程.     

一种基于聚类分析的由林分因子估算地表可燃物载量的方法

地表可燃物载量的确定,是实现森林地表火蔓延预测的前提。已有火蔓延模型中,假定同一林分中可燃物分布是均匀的,不能准确描述可燃物载量的复杂空间分布。基于聚类分析方法,建立了一种根据易获取的几种林分因子来估算地表可燃物载量的方法。首先,对大兴安岭地区35块兴安落叶松林样地和21块樟子松林样地的树龄、郁闭度、胸径、树高等林分因子采用重心法进行系统聚类分析,分别将兴安落叶松林和樟子松林分为5类和7类。然后,计算得出每类可燃物的类中心,并以每类包含所有样地的可燃物载量的平均值来表示该类中心的载量,并由此建立可燃物载量与林分因子的对应关系。对聚类分析与线性回归预测模型从平均绝对误差AAD、标准误差SEE、模型预测稳定性指标SIF三方面进行对比,结果表明聚类分析模型要优于线性回归分析模型。     

液相微萃取技术及其在环境水样预处理中的应用

介绍了液相微萃取技术的基本原理、萃取过程与中空纤维的形式。分析了中空纤维、有机萃取剂、吸收液体积、样品搅动、无机盐类、pH值和萃取时间等因素对萃取效果的影响。综述了液相微萃取技术在环境水样预处理中的应用。     

Clean energy,clean water,and quality education: Prospects of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Sri Lanka

The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 targets universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services by 2030. Modern or clean energy is perceived to be the golden thread that connects economic growth, human development, and environmental sustainability. However, one third of the world's population still uses solid fuels for cooking, endangering human health, and the environment. This paper, therefore, analyses demographic, socio-economic, and housing characteristics that affect the fuel choice for cooking. Further, it identifies how SDG 4 (quality education) and SDG 6 (clean water) create synergies with SDG 7 (clean energy). The data are obtained from the four waves of the Sri Lankan Households Income and Expenditure Survey, covering more than 79,000 households. The random-effects panel multinomial logit results reveal that household income, wealth, marital status and education of the head, age and education of the spouse, household size, number of children, housing characteristics, and residential sector are vital in selecting clean fuel for cooking. Furthermore, advanced sustainability analysis shows SDG 4 and 6 have a strong synergistic effect on SDG 7. Policymakers can use the findings to prioritise educational, water, and sanitation programmes in national policies aimed at enhancing the use of clean cooking fuel and technologies to meet SDG 7 by 2030.