发展洁净煤技术保护大气环境

分析了能源市场的构成以及污染大气的主要来源－煤烟型燃料,认为在我国现阶段的能源市场中以煤炭为主的能源结构将在相当长的时间内难以改革。欲改善和预防大气污染。就必须改变落后的用煤技术,大力发展洁净煤技术才有望从根本上改善大气污染的局面,在发展经济,提高经济效益和社会效益的同时确保大气环境质量的改善。     

H2S燃料电池的研究进展

H2S燃料电池是一种环境友好、发电效率较高并且同时共生其他化学产品的装置,为合H2S气体的处理提供了新的思路。按照采用的固体电解质的导电粒子的不同阐释了H2S的电化学氧化基本原理,指出对H2S燃料电池的电化学氧化机理的研究将进一步扩大H2S资源化利用的范围,以实现H2S燃料电池电能与化学产品的同步生产。目前H2S燃料电池固体电解质薄膜和阳极电催化剂的研制及其一体化技术是H2S燃料电池的关键。     

浅谈粉煤灰的资源化利用现状

粉煤灰是电力行业排放的主要固体废弃物,对其的资源化利用已成为环保的首要任务。对粉煤灰进行高附加值的资源化回收利用,是实现可持续发展的必经之路。介绍了大唐国际成功开发研制的从高铝粉煤灰中提取氧化铝技术,开辟了粉煤灰综合利用的新途径。     

Self-enforcing environmental agreements and trade in fossil energy deposits

The literature on self-enforcing environmental agreements (SIEAs) focuses on de- mand-side emission-reduction policies. To our knowledge, Harstad (2012) is the only study on SIEAs, in which countries purchase fossil-energy deposits to prevent their exploitation. He finds that for any coalition size there exists a (small) subset of parameters, different for each size, such that the coalition of that size is stable. However, the comparison of Harstad's results with the prevailing demand-side SIEA analyses is hampered by major differences in the structure of the respective game models. This paper develops a game model with a deposit market and deposit purchases for preservation that is in line with some demand-side SIEA literature. It turns out that either no coalition is stable or the grand coalition is the only stable coalition. We compare the outcome of our model not only with Harstad's model but also with Eichner and Pethig's (2015) model of the formation of SIEAs in which climate policy takes the form of (demand-side) emissions taxes.     

Validation of QuEChERS method for the determination of some pesticide residues in two apple varieties

This study was undertaken to validate the “quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe” (QuEChERS) method using Golden Delicious and Starking Delicious apple matrices spiked at 0.1 maximum residue limit (MRL), 1.0 MRL and 10 MRL levels of the four pesticides (chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, indoxacarb and imidacloprid). For the extraction and cleanup, original QuEChERS method was followed, then the samples were subjected to liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for chromatographic analyses. According to t test, matrix effect was not significant for chlorpyrifos in both sample matrices, but it was significant for dimethoate, indoxacarb and imidacloprid in both sample matrices. Thus, matrix-matched calibration (MC) was used to compensate matrix effect and quantifications were carried out by using MC. The overall recovery of the method was 90.15% with a relative standard deviation of 13.27% (n = 330). Estimated method detection limit of analytes blew the MRLs. Some other parameters of the method validation, such as recovery, precision, accuracy and linearity were found to be within the required ranges.     

Application of radiochemical determination methods in cleanability research of building materials

During recent years increasing effort has been made to modify surface properties with easy-to-clean or self-cleaning characteristics, and concomitantly there is a need to be able to quantify cleanability. Methodology is a complex issue, including aspects of selection and characterization of the surface materials, the soiling materials (contaminants), soiling and cleaning methods, and the detection methods. Different biological, chemical, physical and visual methods have been included in studies of surface cleanability. One challenge has been to obtain quantitative information about soiling. The radiochemical methods, gamma spectrometry (NaI(Tl)-crystal) and liquid scintillation counting, have been shown to be suitable for evaluating cleanability of different surface materials and different soiling material types, providing quantitative information about the amount of soiling material both on and beneath the surface. Due to the different labelled soiling components, the interaction of the surface with different soiling material types can be evaluated. Radiochemical methods have unique benefits particularly for examining porous materials and surfaces. However, they are suitable only for highly controlled studies because of the hazards. Different features and details of radiochemical methods are discussed with the view to aid planning of future cleanability studies.     

抑制油料洞库油气爆炸传播的新技术设想

针对目前常用的油气爆炸抑制技术在油料洞库应用中存在的不足,提出了一种利用真空腔技术来抑制油料洞库油气爆炸的设想,并对真空腔抑制油气爆炸过程中的传热机理和传质机理进行了详细分析.     

2种不同结构的微生物燃料电池的产电性能比较

微生物燃料电池（microbial fuel cell,MFC）目前仍面临着产能低和成本高的问题,因此系统比较同样条件下不同结构MFC的产电性能对于最终提高其产电效率具有重要意义.通过构建2种不同结构的MFC反应器：单室型MFC和双室型MFC,以乙酸为燃料,固定外电阻为1 000 Ω,对其产电性能进行了比较研究.结果表明,单室型MFC和双室型MFC均可稳定地输出电能,平均最大输出电压分别为600 mV和650 mV,平均运行周期分别为110 h和90 h;单室型MFC和双室型MFC的最大面积功率密度分别为113.8 mW/m²和382.4 mW/m²,最大体积功率密度分别为1.3 mW/m³和2.2 mW/m³;根据稳态放电法确定双室型MFC的内阻为188 Ω,单室型MFC的内阻为348 Ω,双室型MFC的产电性能及运行稳定性均优于单室型MFC.阳极的面积和质子通道的大小都会对MFC的库仑效率产生影响.     

国内外生物柴油的生产现状及发展前景

介绍了生物柴油的特性、能耗及生物柴油的制备方法（直接混合法、微乳液法、高温热裂解法、酯交换法、超临界甲醇法）和生物柴油在工业应用巾存在的主要问题,阐述了国内外生物柴油的产业发展现状,展望了该产业在我田的发展前景。     

三种垃圾筛上物的衍生燃料(RDF)制备

对适合焚烧处理的3种垃圾筛上物的RDF制备工艺进行了探讨。结果表明:垃圾筛上物在制备RDF前必须要经过破碎处理,破碎粒度越小,越有利于RDF成型和抗压强度的增加。堆肥垃圾筛上物成型率在80%以上,其次为原生垃圾筛上物,矿化垃圾筛上物单独制备RDF的成型率仅为5%,添加30%以上的餐厨垃圾利于RDF成型率和抗压强度的增加。利于RDF成型的最佳垃圾含水率为25%,其次为30%,成型率分别达到75.3%和70.4%。