Modeling the two-phase cloud evolution from instantaneous flashing release using CFD

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach has been successfully applied to simulate the small-scale instantaneous flashing release experiment by Pettitt. A model for dispersion of the release event is provided based on relevant theories and existing experimental data. An application of the CFD method to the dispersion simulation is illustrated. Furthermore, a new methodology based on discrete phase model for setting computational initial conditions is provided. An initial expansion and subsequent turbulence dispersion can be characteristically identified from both volume and temperature variation of the cloud obtained by the simulation. The possible mechanism for these phenomena has also been discussed and analyzed. The study deepens the understanding of the physical process of this event and provides one more reliable tool for relevant safety systems.     

A review on tertiary recycling of high-density polyethylene to fuel

Plastics have become an indispensable ingredient of human life. They are non-biodegradable polymers of mostly containing carbon, hydrogen, and few other elements such as chlorine, nitrogen etc. Rapid growth of the world population led to increased demand of commodity plastics. High density poly ethylene is one of the largest used commodity plastics due to its vast applications in many fields. Due to its non bio degradability and low life, HDPE contributes significantly to the problem of Municipal Waste Management. To avert environment pollution of HDPE wastes, they must be recycled and recovered. On the other hand, steady depletion of fossil fuel and increased energy demand, motivated the researchers and technologists to search and develop different energy sources. Waste to energy has been a significant way to utilize the waste sustainably, simultaneously add to meet the energy demand. Plastics being petrochemical origin have inherently high calorific value. Thus they can be converted back to useful energy. Many researches have been carried out to convert the waste plastics into liquid fuel by thermal and catalytic pyrolysis and this has led to establishment of a number of successful firms converting waste plastics to liquid fuels. This paper reviews the production and consumption HDPE, different methods of recycling of plastic with special reference to chemical degradation of HDPE to fuel. This also focuses on different factors that affect these degradations, the kinetics and mechanism of this reaction.     

超细水雾抑制酒精火有效性实验研究

为了研究超细水雾对酒精火的抑制效果,通过搭建超细水雾抑制受限空间酒清火燃烧的小尺寸实验平台,利用基于质量损失速率的热释放速率计算方法,研究超细水雾与酒精火焰相互作用时,酒精火火焰的变化规律及酒精火的热释放速率,与此同时,采用高速摄像仪对火焰进行拍摄,利用Matlab图像处理程序对采集的火焰图片剖面进行处理.研究发现:施...     

An optimization approach for sustainable release of e-flows for lake restoration and preservation: Model development and a case study of Baiyangdian Lake, China

In this paper, we describe the development of a model for the sustainable release of e-flows from the regional water resource infrastructure (e.g., reservoirs, rivers with available water) for lake restoration and preservation, and use the model in a case study of Baiyangdian Lake, China. First, we define the sustainable environmental flows (e-flows), with an emphasis on the ecological importance of temporal variation in factors such as water level (depth). By analyzing historical data on the suitable range of water levels in the lake, we evaluated fluctuations using canonical correspondence analysis and frequency distribution analysis. The temporal variations required by the ecosystem of the lake were also assessed. Based on this approach, we developed an optimization model for sustainable release of e-flows. We used the adaptive genetic algorithm approach to solve the model and determine the required release of e-flows. Scenario analysis then provided a range of potential management strategies for the e-flows. The optimal results are helpful to the lake managers to establish sustainable e-flow release schemes for the lake restoration and preservation.     

我国油站量油技术与油气排放浅析

论述工加油站油气排放控制与运油罐车、地下储罐量油方式的关系,概述了我国加油站量油方式的现状,以及人工测量和液位仪密闭自动测量两种量油方式。综述了电容式液位仪、超声波液位仪和磁致伸缩式液位仪的量油原理、特点及发展趋势,重点介绍了磁致伸缩技术,并结合汽油流转过程中油气密闭性控制的重要性及储油罐的管理要求,展望了未来加油站量油方式的技术发展趋势。     

刚毛藻分解对上覆水磷含量及赋存形态的影响

在荣成天鹅湖刚毛藻暴发区域采集新鲜沉积物和刚毛藻进行室内模拟试验,定期监测上覆水中溶解氧(DO)、pH和电导率等理化参数,分析水体总磷(TP)、可溶性总磷(DTP)、可溶性磷(SRP)、溶解性有机磷(DOP)和颗粒态磷(PP)的含量变化,并探讨了刚毛藻分解对沉积物磷释放的影响.结果表明,刚毛藻分解过程中上覆水DO含量明显降低,其中30 g藻+水+沉积物处理基本维持在厌氧状态(0～0.17 mg·L-1);各处理水体pH值略有降低,加藻处理约降低了1个单位.刚毛藻分解使上覆水总磷及各形态磷含量大幅上升,且随藻量的增加,上升幅度变大,其中TP含量变化在0.04～1.34 mg·L-1之间.藻+水处理上覆水中磷的形态以DOP和PP为主,而藻+水+沉积物处理SRP含量明显升高.结果说明,刚毛藻分解过程中自身可释放大量的磷,且释放形态以PP和DOP为主;另一方面,藻类分解可明显促进沉积物中磷的释放,从而使得上覆水SRP含量大幅增加.     

北京奥林匹克公园龙形水系底泥氮磷释放实验研究

以北京奥林匹克公园龙形水系底泥为研究对象,分析了典型水域底泥的理化特征,研究在不同水动力和温度条件下底泥中氮磷的释放过程。结果表明:1)龙形水系底泥理化性质对上覆水水质影响较大;2)随着水动力条件的增加总氮的释放强度增加,总磷在低流速下释放强度最大,中高流速下的释放强度均小于低流速下的释放强度,水动力条件越强氨氮释放强度越小;3)温度对底泥氮释放影响较大,较高温度能明显减小底泥总氮的释放强度,但是高温有助于提高氨氮的释放强度,而温度对底泥总磷释放的影响较小。     

断路器欠压脱扣器抗冲击设计

主要应用于舰船等有冲击场合的断路器，其抗冲击性能要求很高。介绍了断路器欠压脱扣器在抗冲击方面的设计方法，此方法可以有效地削弱冲击力对欠压脱扣器的影响。     

净化铅烟用新型SV式洗涤器

ＳＶ型洗涤器净化铅烟微细颗粒，采用双级溅锥喷嘴喷雾，并通过低阻力文氏管使水滴进一步雾化，使粉尘与水滴充分接触碰撞而产生凝并，从而捕集润湿凝聚的大颗粒粉尘。再采用特殊的波纹脱水器捕集带尘水滴，使烟气脱水。同时通过水中的碱〔ＮａＯＨ〕与铅粒的化学反应，增强净化效果。